臺灣地區犬貓死亡原因與死亡方式研究

黃威翔

doi:10.6342/NTU201800259

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台湾地区犬猫死亡原因与死亡方式研究

The Study of Causes of Death and Manners of Death in Dogs and Cats in Taiwan

黄威翔 , 博士　　导师：刘振轩　　

英文 DOI： 10.6342/NTU201800259

死亡原因；死亡方式；动物法医学；动物法医病理学；死亡监控系统； Cause of death ； Manner of death ； Forensic veterinary medicine ； Forensic veterinary pathology ； Mortality surveillance system

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (150) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

由於现今社会人类与伴侣动物关系变得较以往更加亲密，故宠物死亡原因调查，不仅能促进动物医学之发展，还能增进公共卫生及动物福祉。此外，也因为近年来动物法医学与动物法用科学逐年受到国际学界之重视，加上台湾社会数起重大虐待动物受到社会大众极大注目，均显示动物法医学之发展在当前台湾社会实有迫切需要。
本研究论文共分四个部分，第一部分，介绍本实验室建构之家犬家猫死因即时通报系统，并以2012-2014三年间从全台各地动物医院所收集之家猫死亡年纪与死亡或安乐死之原因进行分析，并阐述此系统之优劣。第二部分，分析所取得2012-2014三年间家犬犬死亡年纪与死亡或安乐死的原因，并据人口统计学因子分层进行分析。第三部分，使用本系统所获得之家犬家猫死亡资料，进一步分析台湾地区家犬家猫创伤有关死亡与人口统计学因子之关联性。第四部分，分析2011-2016六年间接受各地动物保护处委托进行法医解剖之疑似虐待动物案件之死亡原因与死亡方式，并据此勾画近年来台湾地区动物法医发展的现况。
研究成果显示，利用本研究所建构之家犬家猫死因即时通报系统，於2012-2014年间，共收集到1,325只家猫与2,306只家犬死亡数据。家猫最常见的死亡原因或安乐死的理由依序为肾脏与泌尿疾病、肿瘤与感染症。并进一步透过回归模型，探讨五大常见死因与人口统计学因子之相关性。结果发现老年与绝育为肾脏与泌尿疾病及肿瘤死因的高度相关因子。家犬最常见的死亡原因或安乐死的理由依序为肿瘤、多重器官障碍与心血管疾病。并进一步透过分群分析，探讨死因排序与不同人口统计学因子间的关系。结果发现透过不同年龄层与不同地理因素将族群分群，其死因之排序有明显差异。分析结果显示本系统收集到的资料不仅能符合对於家犬家猫族群的一般期望，并能提供关於台湾家犬家猫族群非常有用的资讯。
此外，利用本数据进一步探讨家犬家猫创伤有关死亡，结果显示在一共278例创伤致死的个案中，其中有177只家犬与101只家猫。最常见的三种创伤原因为车祸、坠落以及动物间的不良互动（如打架、咬伤）等。然而，根据通报资料，我们亦发现少数案件疑似为虐待案件，此结果显示了社会上可能有更多潜在的虐待动物之暴力事件被我们忽视。最後，於2011-2016六年间本研究团队所处理之法医解剖案件共100例，81例有明确死因，其中39例确定为虐待动物案件及有16例有嫌疑人。进一步利用这100个案例，用六种动物的死亡方式分类进行动物分析，研究结果显示，在研判动物的死亡方式时，可结合一至多种分类逻辑循序渐进推论，并且可依据目的及法情之不同，进行适当修订。

并列摘要〈TOP〉

Given that the increasing level of intimacy between owners and companion animals in modern society, a mortality survey on pets could not only improve the veterinary practices, but also the public health and animal welfare. Besides, because recent years have seen increased attention being given to forensic veterinary medicine and sciences and several notorious crimes against animals has drawn public attention in Taiwan, the development of veterinary forensics is urgent in our society. 
	The present dissertation consists of four parts. First, the real-time reporting system for mortality data of domesticated were introduced, and the mortality of the domesticated cat population were investigated. Second, causes of deaths or reasons for euthanasia in Taiwanese domesticated dog population were investigated. Third, trauma-related deaths in domesticated dogs and cats were furthered studied. Finally, the causes of death and manners of death for alleged animal cruelty cases were studied, delineating the recent development of veterinary forensics in Taiwan.
	During 2012-2014, data from 1,325 domesticated cats and 2,306 domesticated dogs were collected using the real-time reporting system. For domesticated cats, the most common cause of death (COD)/reason for euthanasia (RFE) were renal and urologic disorders, followed by neoplasia, and infection. Advanced age and neutering were found to be associated with death due to renal and urologic disorders as well as with neoplasia. For domesticated dogs, the most common COD/RFE was neoplasia, followed by multiple organ involvement and cardiovascular diseases. Segregated by cut-off ages, demographic and geographic variables, the ranking and frequency of COD/RFE displayed different patterns. Our results not only fit with the general expectation of dog and cat populations, but also provide valuable insights into mortality in domesticated dog and cat populations in Taiwan. 
	Moreover, 278 trauma-related deaths, including 177 dogs and 101 cats, were reported during 2012-2014. The leading traumatic causes were car accidents, falls, and animal interactions (fights and bites). A few cases raised strong suspicion of animal cruelty; such findings imply there may be animal cruelty cases overlooked in our country. Finally, 100 cases were submitted for forensic necropsy during 2011-2016, including 52 dogs and 48 cats. Among these cases, 82 cases were found with determined causes of death, while causes of death were not determined in the rests. Animal cruelty were confirmed in 39 cases, and suspects were found in only 16 cases. Our results suggest that the appropriate classification for animal manner of death should follow a thinking process and could be designed according to the special legal purpose.

参考文献 ( 150 ) 〈TOP〉

Adams, V.J., Evans, K.M., Sampson, J., Wood, J.L., 2010. Methods and mortality results of a health survey of purebred dogs in the UK. J Small Anim Pract 51, 512-524.
连结：
Bailiff, N.L., Nelson, R.W., Feldman, E.C., Westropp, J.L., Ling, G.V., Jang, S.S., Kass, P.H., 2006. Frequency and risk factors for urinary tract infection in cats with diabetes mellitus. J Vet Intern Med 20, 850-855.
连结：
Bartges, J.W., 2012. Chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 42, 669-692, vi.
连结：
Benetato, M.A., Reisman, R., McCobb, E., 2011. The veterinarian's role in animal cruelty cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 238, 31-34.
连结：
Brownlie, H.W.B., Munro, R., 2016. The Veterinary Forensic Necropsy: A Review of Procedures and Protocols. Vet Pathol 53, 919-928.
连结：

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