加護病房護理人員的靈性健康狀態、靈性照顧行為及其相關因素

The Spiritual Health Status and Spiritual Care Behaviors of Nurses in Intensive Care Units and Related Factors

10.6224/JN.201812_65(6).09

沈郁惠(Yu-Hui SHEN)；蕭雅竹(Ya-Chu HSIAO)；李銘宗(Ming-Tsung LEE)；謝嘉琪(Chia-Chi HSIEH)；葉淑惠(Shu-Hui YEH)

加護病房 ； 護理人員 ； 靈性健康 ； 靈性照顧行為 ； intensive care unit ； nurse ； spiritual health ； spiritual caring behaviors

護理雜誌

65卷6期（2018 / 12 / 01）

67 - 77

繁體中文

背景：加護病房的病人多為突發且危及生命的情況，造成病人身、心、靈極大改變。而加護病房護理人員是否能夠擁有靈性健康或提供即時的靈性照顧行為卻鮮少研究，有待深入探討。目的：探討加護病房護理人員的基本屬性、靈性健康及其靈性照顧行為的關係。方法：採描述相關性研究法，以方便取樣招募三家教學醫院加護病房219位護理人員為受試者，採結構式問卷，包括基本屬性、靈性健康量表及靈性照顧行為量表收集資料，以SPSS version 22.0統計軟體分析。結果：加護病房護理人員接受靈性教育課程的比例偏低，其靈性健康狀態以「與人締結」平均得分最高；靈性照顧行為得分「以協助病人渡過逆境」最高。年齡及年資愈高者，其協助病人渡過逆境和維持希望等靈性照顧行為愈頻繁。結論／實務應用：加護病房護理人員的年齡及年資越高者，其靈性照顧行為執行的頻率也愈高，因此建議設立有效留任有經驗或護理工作年資較高的人員，以提升全人之照護；同時，年紀較輕、年資較淺的人員提供靈性照護技能，以促進其執行靈性照顧的行為。此結果提供各界於病人靈性照顧行為之參考。

Background: Patients suffer sudden and life-threatening conditions in intensive care units (ICU), which frequently result in traumatic changes in physical, mental, and spiritual health. Little research has been conducted on the spiritual health and spiritual care behaviors of nurses in ICU. Purpose: To explore the relationship among demographic characteristics, spiritual health, and spiritual care behaviors in ICU nurses. Method: A descriptive correlational research was used and 219 nurses from three teaching hospitals were enrolled as study participants. A structured questionnaire consisting of a demographic datasheet, a spiritual health scale, and a spiritual care behavior scale was used for data collection. SPSS for Windows version 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The participants received few hours of spiritual-care education. The highest scored item for spiritual health was ＂connecting with people＂. The highest scored item for spiritual care behavior was ＂helping the patient out of adversity＂. Participants who were older in age and who had more years of clinical experience exhibited spiritual care behaviors such as ＂helping the patient out of adversity＂ and ＂retaining hope＂ more frequently with their ICU patients. Conclusion/ Implications for Practice: The older and more clinically experienced nurses in this study performed spiritual care behaviors at a higher frequency than their younger, less experienced counterparts. Therefore, it is recommended that hospitals retain more-experienced nursing staff to elevate the level of holistic health care. Concurrently, training in spiritual care skills should be provided to younger and less experienced nurses in order to facilitate more spiritual care behaviors. The results of this study provide a reference for providing spiritual care behaviors to patients.

1. 周春芬、方進博(2015)。護理人員工作特質與職業疲勞的相關性研究。護理雜誌，62(5)，41-50。
   連結：
2. 洪櫻純(2009)。佛教徒學習佛法對靈性健康之影響歷程研究。中華心理衛生學刊，22(3)，269-298。
   連結：
3. 張利中、王萱萁、陳郁芬(2006)。安寧護理人員的靈性照顧認知－以中部某醫學中心安寧病房為例之研究。醫學教育，10(1)，62-69。
   連結：
4. 黃毓華、黃英忠、陳錦輝、杜佩蘭(2015)。護理人員之社會心理工作特性、工作倦怠與身心健康相互影響—固定樣本追蹤研究。台灣公共衛生雜誌，34(2)，204-217。
   連結：
5. 楊星瑜(2018)。急重症單位病患及家屬的靈性護理。護理雜誌，65(3)，5-10。
   連結：
6. 顧雅利、陳昱穎(2016)。統整回顧2010-2015台灣護理靈性照護的文獻。安寧療護雜誌，21(2)，196-205。
   連結：
7. Asadzandi, M.,Vafadar, Z.(2018).Designing inter professional spiritual health care education program for students of health sciences.Journal of Nursing and Patient Health Care,1(1),101.
8. Banks, R.(1980).Health and the spiritual dimension: Relationships and implications for professional preparation programs.Journal of School Health,50(4),195-202.
9. Banks, R. L.,Poehler, D. L.,Russell, R. D.(1984).Spirit and human-spiritual interaction as a factor in health and in health education.Health Education,15(5),16-19.
10. Bush, T.,Bruni, N.(2008).Spiritual care as a dimension of holistic care: A relational interpretation.International Journal of Palliative Nursing,14(11),539-545.
11. Chiang, Y. C.,Lee, H. C.,Chu, T. L.,Han, C. Y.,Hsiao, Y. C.(2016).The impact of nurses' spiritual health on their attitudes toward spiritual care, professional commitment, and caring.Nursing Outlook,64(3),215-224.
12. Como, J. M.(2007).Spiritual practice: A literature review related to spiritual health and health outcomes.Holistic Nursing Practice,21(5),224-236.
13. Ebrahimi, H.,Jafarabadi, M. A.,Arshetnab, H. N.,Khanmiri, S. G.(2016).Relationship between nurses' spiritual wellbeing and nurses' perception of competence in providing spiritual care for patients.Medical Science and Discovery,3(2),81-86.
14. Ellis, H. K.,Narayanasamy, A.(2009).An investigation into the role of spirituality in nursing.British Journal of Nursing,18(14),886-890.
15. Ellison, C. W.(1983).Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement.Journal of Psychology and Theology,11(4),330-338.
16. Fisher, J. W.,Francis, L. J.,Johnson, P.(2000).Assessing spiritual health via four domains of spiritual wellbeing: The SH4DI.Pastoral Psychology,49(2),133-145.
17. Hsiao, Y. C.,Chiang, Y. C.,Lee, H. C.,Han, C. Y.(2013).Psychometric testing of the properties of the spiritual health scale short form.Journal of Clinical Nursing,22(21-22),2981-2990.
18. Iranmanesh, S.,Razban, F.,Tirgari, B.,Zahra, G.(2014).Nurses' knowledge about palliative care in Southeast Iran.Palliative and Supportive Care,12(3),203-210.
19. Jaberi, A.,Momennasab, M.,Yektatalab, S.,Ebadi, A.,Cheraghi, M. A.(2017).Spiritual health: A concept analysis.Journal of Religion and Health
20. Leland, B. D.,Nitu, M. E.,Hancock, M.,Moody, K.,Gunderman, R.,Moser, E.,Rowan, C. M.(2017).Prospective evaluation of physical contact with critically ill child on caregiver spiritual wellbeing.The Journal of Pediatrics,191,250-254.e1.
21. Lin, Y. L.,Rau, K. M.,Liu, Y. H.,Lin, Y. H.,Ying, J.,Kao, C. C.(2015).Development and validation of the Chinese version of spiritual interests related illness tool for patients with cancer in Taiwan.European Journal of Oncology Nursing,19(5),589-594.
22. Little, L.,Dionne, B.,Eaton, J.(2005).Nursing assessment of depression among palliative care cancer patients.Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing,7(2),98-106.
23. Mealer, M.,Moss, M.(2016).Moral distress in ICU nurses.Intensive Care Medicine,42(10),1615-1617.
24. Savel, R. H.,Munro, C. L.(2014).The importance of spirituality in patient-centered care.American Journal of Critical Care,23(4),276-278.
25. Taghipour, B.,Mehravar, F.,Sharif Nia, H.,Shahidifar, S.,Hasani, A.,Alahyari, Z.(2017).Association between death anxiety and spiritual intelligence with the spiritual health and quality of life in hemodialysis patients.Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences,4(2),26-32.
26. Tammeh, M. A.,Akhondzadeh, K.,Ehsani, S. R.,Shamsi, M. A.,Mohammadnejad, E.(2016).The concept of spiritual well-being from the viewpoint of nurses caring for heart disease patients.International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies,3(1),2109-2116.
27. Tiew, L. H.,Creedy, D. K.(2010).Integration of spirituality in nursing practice: A literature review.Singapore Nursing Journal,37(1),15-22.
28. Wong, K. F.,Lee, L. Y. K.,Lee, J. K. L.(2008).Hong Kong enrolled nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care.International Nursing Review,55(3),333-340.
29. 吳秀芳、蕭雅竹(2009)。護理人員靈性健康與靈性照護能力之相關性研究。護理暨健康照護研究，5(1)，68-78。
30. 吳佳玲、黃俊薰、吳秋燕(2015)。古今中外芳香療法之探討。長庚科技學刊，22，119-129。
31. 李瑞慈、陳淑銘、周傳姜、顧雅利(2013)。探索加護病房護理人員的靈性本質。長庚護理，24(4)，366-378。
32. 杜明勳(2008)。靈性照顧之臨床運用。內科學誌，19(4)，318-324。
33. 財團法人評鑑暨醫療品質策進會（2018，7月20日）．2017年度醫院評鑑基準及評量項目．取自http://www.jct.org.tw/lp-1156-1-xCat-01.html [Joint Commission of Taiwan. (2018, July 20). 2017 hospital credential standards and evaluation. Retrieved from http://www.jct.org.tw/lp-1156-1-xCat-01.html]
34. 陳美碧、謝麗鳳、李宜恬、劉淑言(2015)。癌症病人音樂／認知治療與情緒支持改善其困擾之先驅性研究。榮總護理，32(2)，166-177。
35. 黃鳳玉(2011)。台南市=Tainan City, Taiwan, ROC.，長榮大學護理學系碩士班=Chang Jung Christian University。
36. 蕭雅竹(2002)。靈性概念之認識與應用。長庚護理，13(4)，345-351。
37. 蕭雅竹、陳素惠、李香君、蔣宜倩(2014)。靈性概念於護理個案報告應用之文獻評析。長庚護理，25(1)，15-26。
38. 蕭雅竹、黃松元(2005)。靈性健康量表之建構及信、效度考驗—以護理學生為題。實證護理，1(3)，218-227。
39. 蕭雅竹、黃松元、陳美燕(2007)。宗教與靈性健康、健康促進行為之相關性研究。實證護理，3(4)，271-279。
40. 顧艷秋、鄭婷霞、丘周萍、黃鳳玉、蔣秀容(2014)。某醫學中心新進護理人員工作適應團體介入前後靈性健康之比較。高雄護理雜誌，31(1)，4-19。

1. 蔡佩臻,徐秀琹,林瑞香(2019)。加護病房護理人員睡眠品質、靈性健康及其相關因素之探討。護理雜誌，66(4)，49-59。
2. 梅慧敏(2020).加護病房如何運用靈性照顧～實現病人願望走向心靈安適.彰化護理,27(2),11-13.
3. 鄭綺,褚淑芸,黃采薇,林玉惠(2022)。護理人員對非癌生命末期患者靈性照護態度與行為之探討。新臺北護理期刊，24(1)，42-58。
4. (2024)。加護病房護理人員同理心與影響因素之探討。嘉基護理，24(1)，1-15。