题名

對的風格遇上對的人，謂之創意－人格特質、認知風格與兩類創造力之關係探討

并列篇名

How creative you will be depends on who you are: The relationship between personality traits, cognitive styles and different types of creativity

DOI

10.6251/BEP.20151202

作者

劉珈妤(Chia-Yu Liu)；林緯倫(Wei-Lun Lin)；蔡秉勳(Ping-Hsun Tsai)

关键词

人格特質 ； 創造力 ； 認知風格 ； 雙系統理論 ； personality trait ； creativity ； cognitive style ； dual process theory

期刊名称

教育心理學報

卷期/出版年月

48卷2期（2016 / 12 / 01）

页次

211 - 228

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

過去在創造力的個別差異研究裡，少有實徵研究同時探究人格特質和認知風格對創造力的影響；此外，過去相關研究也常將不同類型的創造力作業混為一談。根據創造力的雙系統論（Lin & Lien,2013a）和雙重認知風格理論（Sadler-Smith, 2009），經驗式的認知風格與開放式的創造力有關；封閉式的創造力則涉及理性、經驗兼併的通用型認知風格。據此，本研究即區分兩類創造力（開放式／封閉式），並同時探討創造性人格特質和認知風格在兩類創造力中扮演的角色。結果發現，創造性人格特質與兩類創造力表現皆有正相關，但不同的認知風格對兩類創造力表現的關係不同。進一步分析發現，人格特質對兩類創造力作業表現的正向效果，會受到不同認知風格的影響，人格特質透過通用認知風格的中介影響封閉式創造力的表現；而開放式創造力則較受經驗認知風格影響，其中在流暢力指標裡，經驗認知風格更扮演了中介的角色。本研究結果有助於釐清人格特質、認知風格與創造力的關係，對於創意應用或教學亦具實質的意義與幫助。
英文摘要

Past studies on individual differences in creativity rarely explored empirically the joint effect of personality traits and cognitive styles on creativity. Moreover, past studies often mixed different types of creative performance. According to the dual process account of creativity theory (Lin & Lien, 2013) and the duplex model of cognitive style theory (Sadler-Smith, 2009), experiential cognitive style may be associated with open-ended creativity; whereas closed-ended creativity may involve versatile cognitive style that combines experiential and rational cognitive styles. This study aimed to separate two types of creativity (open-ended and closed-ended) and investigate the role of personality traits and cognitive styles on the two types of creativity. The results showed that creative personality traits were positively correlated with both types of creativity, but different cognitive styles had different relationships with different types of creativity. Further analyses revealed that versatile cognitive style played a mediating role only on the relationship between personality traits and closed-ended creativity, but not on the relationship between personality traits and open-ended creativity. Open-ended creativity was instead more associated with experiential cognitive style. In particular, experiential cognitive style mediated the relationship between personality traits and fluency. These results clarify the relationships between personality traits, cognitive styles, and creativity, and have implication on teaching and creativity applications.
主题分类 社會科學 > 心理學
社會科學 > 教育學
参考文献
  1. 林緯倫、連韻文、任純慧(2005)。想得多是想得好的前提嗎？探討發散性思考能力在創造力問題解決的角色。中華心理學刊，47，211-227。
    連結：
  2. 黃博聖、陳學志、劉政宏(2012)。「中文詞彙遠距聯想測驗」之編製及其信、效度報告。測驗學刊，59(4)，581-607。
    連結：
  3. (2009).The Routledge Companion to Creativity.
  4. (1991).Emotion and Social Judgments.
  5. (1988).Learning Strategies and Learning styles.New York, NY:Springer.
  6. Amabile, T. M.(1996).Creativity in context: Update to the social psychology of creativity.Boulder, CO:Westview press.
  7. Baron, R. M.,Kenny, D. A.(1986).The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51(6),1173-1182.
  8. Barr, N.,Pennycook, G.,Stolz, J. A.,Fugelsang, J. A.(2014).Reasoned connections: A dual-process perspective on creative thought.Thinking & Reasoning
  9. Barron, F.,Harrington, D. M.(1981).Creativity, intelligence, and personality.Annual Review of Psychology,32(1),439-476.
  10. Bowers, K. S.,Regehr, G.,Balthazard, C.,Parker, K.(1990).Intuition in the context of discovery.Cognitive Psychology,22(1),72-110.
  11. Bruner, J. S.(1962).The conditions of creativity.Contemporary approaches to creative thinking,New York:
  12. Carson, S. H.,Peterson, J. B.,Higgins, D. M.(2003).Decreased latent inhibition is associated with increased creative achievement in high-functioning individuals.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,85(3),499-506.
  13. Chávez-Eakle, R. A.,Eakle, A. J.,Cruz-Fuentes, C.(2012).The multiple relations between creativity and personality.Creativity Research Journal,24(1),76-82.
  14. Costa, P. T.,Mac Crae, R. R.(1992).Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO FFI): Professional manual.Odessa, FL:Psychological Assessment Resources.
  15. Couger, J. D.(1995).Creative problem solving and opportunity finding.Danvers, Mass:Boyd & Fraser.
  16. Cropanzano, R.,James, K.,Citera, M.(1993).A goal hierarchy model of personality, motivation, and leadership.Research in Organizational Behavior,15,267-267.
  17. Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1996).The creative personality.Psychology Today,29(4),36-40.
  18. Dane, E.,Baer, M.,Pratt, M. G.,Oldham, G. R.(2011).Rational versus intuitive problem solving: How thinking "off the beaten path" can stimulate creativity.Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts,5(1),3-12.
  19. Dane, E.,Pratt, M. G.(2007).Exploring intuition and its role in managerial decision making.Academy of Management Review,32(1),33-54.
  20. Deckers, L.(2005).Motivation: Biological, psychological, and environmental.Boston, MA:Pearson Education.
  21. Dellas, M.,Gaier, E. L.(1970).Identification of creativity: The individual.Psychological Bulletin,73(1),55-73.
  22. Efron, B.,Tibshirani, R. J.(1993).An introduction to the bootstrap.Boca Raton, FL:Chapman & Hall.
  23. Evans, J. S. B.,Stanovich, K. E.(2013).Dual-process theories of higher cognition advancing the debate.Perspectives on Psychological Science,8(3),223-241.
  24. Eysenck, H. J.(1995).Genius: The natural history of creativity.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
  25. Feist, G. J.(1998).A meta-analysis of personality in scientific and artistic creativity.Personality and Social Psychology Review,2(4),290-309.
  26. Gardner, H.(1982).Art, mind, and brain: A cognitive approach to creativity.New York, NY:Basic Books.
  27. Garfield, M. J.,Taylor, N. J.,Dennis, A. R.,Satzinger, J. W.(2001).Research report: modifying paradigms-individual differences, creativity techniques, and exposure to ideas in group idea generation.Information Systems Research,12(3),322-333.
  28. Gough, H. G.(1979).A creative personality scale for the Adjective Check List.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,37(8),1398-1405.
  29. Gough, H. G.,Heilbrun, A. B., Jr(1965).Manual for the Adjective Check List.California, CA:Palo Alto.
  30. Groborz, M.,Necka, E.(2003).Creativity and cognitive control: Explorations of generation and evaluation skills.Creativity Research Journal,15(2-3),183-197.
  31. Guastello, S. J.,Shissler, J.,Driscoll, J.,Hyde, T.(1998).Are some cognitive styles more creatively productive than others?.Journal of Creative Behavior,32,77-91.
  32. Guilford, J. P.(1956).The structure of intellect.Psychological Bulletin,53,267-293.
  33. Haller, C. S.,Courvoisier, D. S.(2010).Personality and thinking style in different creative domains.Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts,4(3),149-160.
  34. Hashway, R. M.(1998).Developmental cognitive styles: A primer to the literature including an introduction to the theory of developmentalism.Bethesda, MD:Austin & Winfield.
  35. Henle, M.(1962).On the relation between logic and thinking.Psychological Review,69(4),366-378.
  36. Huteau, M.(1985).Les conceptions cognitive de la personnalité.Paris, France:Presses Universitaires de France.
  37. Kahneman, D.(2003).A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality.American Psychologist,58(9),697.
  38. Kaufman, J. C.(Ed.),Sternberg, R. J.(Ed.)(2010).Cambridge handbook of creativity.New York:Cambridge University Press.
  39. Kaufmann, G.,Vosburg, S. K.(1997)."Paradoxical" mood effects on creative problem solving.Cognition and Emotion,11,151-170.
  40. Kéri, S.(2011).Solitary minds and social capital: Latent inhibition, general intellectual functions and social network size predict creative achievements.Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts,5(3),215-221.
  41. Khatena, J.,Torrance, E. P.(1976).Khatena torrance creative perception inventory (KTCPI).Chicago:Stoeling.
  42. Kirton, M. J.(1994).Adaptors and innovators: Styles of creativity and problem solving.London, UK:Routledge.
  43. Kozhevnikov, M.(2007).Cognitive styles in the context of modern psychology: Toward an integrated framework of cognitive style.Psychological Bulletin,133(3),464-481.
  44. Lin, W. L.,Hsu, K. Y.,Chen, H. C.,Wang, J. W.(2012).The relations of gender and personality traits on different creativities: A dual-process theory account.Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts,6,112-123.
  45. Lin, W. L.,Lien, Y. W.(2013).The different role of working memory in open-ended versus closed creative problem solving: A dual-process theory account.Creative Research Journal,25,85-96.
  46. Lin, W. L.,Lien, Y. W.(2013).Exploration of the relationships between retrieval-induced forgetting effects with open-ended versus closed-ended creative problem solving.Thinking Skills and Creativity,10,40-49.
  47. Lin, W. L.,Tsai, P. H.,Lin, H. Y.,Chen, H. C.(2014).How does emotion influence different creative performances? The mediating role of cognitive flexibility.Cognition & Emotion,28(5),834-844.
  48. Mc Crae, R. R.(1987).Creativity, divergent thinking, and openness to experience.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,52,1258-1265.
  49. Mc Kenna, F. P.(1984).Measures of field dependence: Cognitive style or cognitive ability?.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,47,593-603.
  50. Mednick, S.(1962).The associative basis of the creative process.Psychological Review,69(3),220-232.
  51. Messick, S.(1996).Bridging cognition and personality in education: The role of style in performance and development.ETS Research Report Series,1996(2),i-35.
  52. Messick, S.(Ed.)(1976).Individuality in Learning.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
  53. Miller, C. C.,Ireland, R. D.(2005).Intuition in strategic decision making: Friend or foe in the fast-paced 21st century?.The Academy of Management Executive,19(1),19-30.
  54. Norris, P.,Epstein, S.(2011).An experiential thinking style: Its facets and relations with objective and subjective criterion measures.Journal of Personality,79(5),1043-1080.
  55. Oldham, G. R.,Cummings, A.(1996).Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work.Academy of Management Journal,39(3),607-634.
  56. Pacini, R.,Epstein, S.(1999).The relation of rational and experiential information processing styles to personality, basic beliefs, and the ratio-bias phenomenon.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,76(6),972-987.
  57. Peterson, J. B.,Carson, S.(2000).Latent inhibition and openness to experience in a high-achieving student population.Personality and Individual Differences,28(2),323-332.
  58. Peterson, J. B.,Smith, K. W.,Carson, S.(2002).Openness and extraversion are associated with reduced latent inhibition: Replication and commentary.Personality and Individual Differences,33(7),1137-1147.
  59. Petri, H.(1991).Motivation: Theory, research and application.Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.
  60. Piedmont, R. L.,Mc Crae, R. R.,Costa, P. T.(1991).Adjective Check List scales and the five-factor model.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,60(4),630.
  61. Prabhu, V.,Sutton, C.,Sauser, W.(2008).Creativity and certain personality traits: Understanding the mediating effect of intrinsic motivation.Creativity Research Journal,20(1),53-66.
  62. Preacher, K. J.,Hayes, A. F.(2008).Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models.Behavior Research Methods,40(3),879-891.
  63. Preacher, K. J.,Hayes, A. F.(2004).SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models.Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers,36(4),717-731.
  64. Rhodes, M.(1961).An analysis of creativity.The Phi Delta Kappan,47(2),305-310.
  65. Riding, R. J.,Wigley, S.(1997).The relationship between cognitive style and personality in further education students.Personality and Individual Differences,23(3),379-389.
  66. Runco, M. A.(2007).Creativity: Theories and themes: Research, development, and practice.New York, NY:Academic Press.
  67. Russ, S. W.(1993).Affect and creativity: The role of affect and play in the creative process.Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
  68. Shalley, C. E.,Zhou, J.,Oldham, G. R.(2004).The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: Where should we go from here?.Journal of Management,30(6),933-958.
  69. Shaw, M. P.,Runco, M. A.(1994).Creativity and affect.Norwood, NJ:Ablex.
  70. Simonton, D. K.(2008).Scientific talent, training, and performance: Intellect, personality, and genetic endowment.Review of General Psychology,12(1),28-46.
  71. Sinatra, R.(1984).Brain functioning and creative behavior.Roeper Report,7,48-54.
  72. Sloman, S. A.(1996).The empirical case for two systems of reasoning.Psychological Bulletin,119,3-22.
  73. Smith, J. M.,Schaefer, C. E.(1969).Development of a creativity scale for the Adjective Check List.Psychological Reports,25(1),87-92.
  74. Stanovich, K. E.(2004).Metarepresentation and the great cognitive divide: A commentary on Henriques' "Psychology Defined".Journal of Clinical Psychology,60(12),1263-1266.
  75. Stanovich, K. E.,West, R. F.(2000).Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate?.Behavior and Brain Sciences,23(5),645-726.
  76. Stent, G. S.(2001).Meaning in art and science.The origins of creativity,Oxford, England:
  77. Sternberg, R. J.(1997).The concept of intelligence and its role in lifelong learning and success.American Psychologist,52(10),1030-1037.
  78. Sternberg, R. J.(Ed.)(1999).Handbook of Creativity.Cambridge, England:Cambridge Univ. Press.
  79. Sternberg, R. J.(Ed.)(1994).Thinking and problem solving.San Diego, CA:Academic Press.
  80. Sternberg, R. J.,Grigorenko, E. L.(1997).Are cognitive styles still in style?.American Psychologist,52(7),700-712.
  81. Sternberg, R. J.,Lubart, T. I.(1995).Defying the crowd: Cultivating creativity in a culture of conformity.New York:Free Press.
  82. Sternberg, R. J.,Lubart, T. I.(1991).An investment theory of creativity and its development.Human Development,34(1),1-31.
  83. Sternberg, R.J.(Ed.),Davidson, J.E.(Ed.)(1995).The nature of insight.Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
  84. Tipper, S. P.(1985).The negative priming effect: Inhibitory priming by ignored objects.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,37(4),571-590.
  85. Toplak, M. E.,West, R. F.,Stanovich, K. E.(2011).The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks.Memory & Cognition,39(7),1275-1289.
  86. Torrance, E. P.(1974).The torrance tests of creative thinking-norms-technical manual research edition-verbal tests, forms A and B-figural tests, forms A and B.princeton, NJ:Personnel Press.
  87. Torrance, E. P.(1995).Why fly?.Cresskill, NJ:Hampton Press.
  88. Torrance, E. P.(1962).Guiding creative talent.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
  89. Wakefield, J. F.(1989).Creativity and cognition some implications for arts education.Creativity Research Journal,2,51-63.
  90. Weisberg, R.(1986).Creativity: Genius and other myths.New York:Freeman.
  91. Zhang, L. F.(Ed.),Sternberg, R. J.(Ed.)(2009).Perspectives on the nature of intellectual styles.New York, NY:Springer.
  92. Zhang, L. F.,Sternberg, R. J.(2005).A threefold model of intellectual styles.Educational Psychology Review,17,1-53.
  93. Zhou, J.,Oldham, G. R.(2001).Enhancing creative performance: Effects of expected developmental assessment strategies and creative personality.The Journal of Creative Behavior,35(3),151-167.
  94. 吳靜吉(1998)。教育部輔導工作六年計劃研究報告教育部輔導工作六年計劃研究報告,Taiwan:學術交流基金會=Foundation for Scholarly Exchange。
  95. 李穎涵(2013)。Ilan, Taiwan，佛光大學心理研究所=Fo Guang University。
  96. 陳柏宏(2010)。Taipei, Taiwan，國防大學心理與社工學系研究所=National Defense University。
  97. 蔡秉勳、林緯倫、林烘煜(2013)。心情對了，創意就來了─情緒對發散性思考與頓悟問題解決的不同影響。教育心理學報，45，19-38。
被引用次数
  1. 黃博聖,陳學志,陳姵臻,林緯倫(2020)。青少年封閉式創造力潛能測量：「青少年版中文詞彙遠距聯想測驗」之編製及信、效度研究。測驗學刊，67(3)，167-190。
  2. 黃博聖,陳學志,陳姵臻,張雨霖,林緯倫,吳清麟(2021)。中文版遠距聯想測驗在創造力研究之應用：回顧與展望。教育實踐與研究，34(1)，1-44。
  3. 孔建嘉(2017)。台中市網球參與者運動期望價值、涉入程度對休閒效益之研究。運動休閒管理學報，14(3)，58-73。
  4. 羅珮文、黃博聖、游勝翔、陳學志、施依伶、林緯倫(2017)。兒童封閉式創造力潛能測量：「兒童版中文詞彙遠距聯想測驗」之編製及信、效度研究。測驗學刊，64(3)，237-258。
  5. 邱發忠(2022)。執行自我控制活動與自我控制特質交互作用對聚斂性與擴散性思考的效果。教育心理學報，53(4)，901-921。
  6. 吳守從(2019)。高雄市銀髮族人格特質、旅遊動機、旅遊阻礙及旅遊意向關係之探討。餐旅暨觀光，16(1)，55-79。
  7. 張恩若(2020)。網路隱私設計－從輕推技巧出發。科技法律透析，32(1)，47-53。
  8. (2023)。國英雙語平衡程度對臺灣大學生執行功能與兩類創造力表現的影響。教育科學研究期刊，68(4)，191-225。
print cancel