题名

《呂氏春秋》貴生思想的意涵與詮釋效度:兼論〈十二紀〉的「焊接」結構

并列篇名

The Meaning and Hermeneutical Validity of the Doctrine of "Guisheng" in Lüshi Chunqiu: with Discussions on the "Welding" Structure of "Twelve Chronicles"

DOI

10.6281/NTUCL.202012_(71).0001

作者

李貴生(Lee, Kwai-Sang)

关键词

呂氏春秋 ; 貴生 ; 焊接 ; 結構 ; 詮釋效度 ; Lüshi chunqiu ; guisheng ; welding ; structure ; hermeneutical validity

期刊名称

臺大中文學報

卷期/出版年月

71期(2020 / 12 / 01)

页次

1 - 51

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

《呂氏春秋》的中心思想是聚訟多年的重要問題,導致眾說紛紜的主要原因是此書材料十分豐富,不同說法幾乎都可以在書中找到根據,卻又不見得能夠貫通全書,結果不斷有人提出修訂或新說。要突破現有的困境,學者必須對選材範圍有更高的自覺,始能客觀地比較相關概念在文本詮釋上的有效程度,從而找出占有主導地位的觀念。本文正是沿此思路重新檢討胡適率先揭櫫的貴生思想,澄清它的觀念意涵和表述形式,試圖為莫衷一是的現況提供一條可行的出路。文章首先回顧過去有關雜家與中心思想的討論,繼而通過胡適和劉殿爵對貴生思想的不同論述,闡明引證範圍與詮釋效度的關係,並交代本文運用材料的層次架構;接著從〈貴生〉篇原文出發,尋繹它的基本主張,並針對學者對「生」與「欲」的不同理解,說明「六欲」的涵義,以及欲望的調節方法和適用範圍,解決過去詮釋上的幾個難點。在論述過程中,文章亦揭示了貴生思想憑藉相似內容和關鍵詞的互見貫穿〈十二紀〉篇章的方法,辨正了一些學者對《呂氏春秋》全書體例和行文邏輯的狹隘認知。這個互文結構顯示《呂氏春秋》所載諸家學說,既不是物理學式的「堆疊」,也不是化學式的「融合」,而是接近工程學上的「焊接」。若我們能從眾數的角度理解所謂中心思想,當更能認清此書的特質和價值。

英文摘要

The central idea of Lüshi chunqiu is an important issue that has been debated for centuries. The main reason for such divergent views is that this book is so rich in material, allowing researchers to find supporting evidence for almost any claims, which are not necessarily in full accord with the whole book. As a result, there remains much room for scholars to propose different amendments or even provide entirely new thoughts. To overcome the dilemma, researchers must become more conscious of the scope of materials to be used, so that they can objectively compare the validity of each relevant concept in the interpretation of texts and subsequently identify the dominant idea. It is along these lines that this article aims at reviewing the doctrine of "Guisheng" advocated by Hu Shi, clarifying its connotations and expressions, and hence providing a viable way out of the present state of disagreement. The article first reviews the previous discussion about the Miscellaneous School and the problem of central idea. Through Hu Shi and D. C. Lau's different exposition of the idea of "Guisheng," we demonstrate the relationship between the scope of citation and the validity of interpretation, and illustrate the hierarchy structure of the materials we use. Based on the original text of the Chapter of 'Guisheng,' we subsequently proceed to elucidate the meaning of "six desires," their regulating method, as well as the scope of application. By delineating the different understandings of "life" and "desire," we resolve several difficult points of interpretation over the years. During the discussion, the article also reveals the functions of similar contents and key words, with which the idea of "Guisheng" penetrates into the Chapters of 'Twelve Chronicles,' thus correcting the inappropriate understanding of the textual organization and narrative logic of Lüshi chunqiu suggested by a few scholars. The intertextual structure shows that the thoughts found in Lüshi chunqiu are neither physical "aggregation" nor chemical "synthesis," but are close to "welding" in engineering. Only when we perceive the so-called central idea from a pluralistic perspective can the characteristics and value of this book be fully recognized.

主题分类 人文學 > 語言學
人文學 > 中國文學
参考文献
  1. 佐藤將之(2013)。「雜家」和「綜合」之思想意義:中日學者對《呂氏春秋》與《呂》──《荀》關係之研究評述。漢學研究集刊,17
    連結:
  2. 佐藤將之, M.(2013)。綜合中的統合:《呂氏春秋》的「理」與「理義」概念探析。東亞觀念史集刊,5,317-364。
    連結:
  3. 張銀樹(2003)。評析《呂氏春秋》的全生之道。哲學與文化,30(9)
    連結:
  4. (1988).道藏.:文物出版社.
  5. Oxford English Dictionary. (n.d.). Natural, adj. and adv. In Oxford English dictionary online. Retrieved May 31, 2020, from https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/125333.
  6. Oxford English Dictionary. (n.d.). Naturalistic, adj. In Oxford English dictionary online. Retrieved May 31, 2020, from https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/125339.
  7. (宋)朱熹(1983).四書章句集注.北京:中華書局.
  8. (清)王先慎(2003).韓非子集解.北京:中華書局.
  9. (清)永瑢(1987).四庫全書總目.北京:中華書局.
  10. (清)汪中(2000).汪中集.臺北:中央硏究院中國文哲硏究所.
  11. 清•盧文弨:《抱經堂文集》,上海:商務印書館,1937 年
  12. (漢)司馬遷(1963).史記.北京:中華書局.
  13. (漢)班固(1964).漢書.北京:中華書局.
  14. 《採掇英華》編輯委員會(編)(2004).採掇英華:劉殿爵敎授論著中譯集.香港:香港中文大學出版社.
  15. 《續修四庫全書》編纂委員會(編)(2002).續修四庫全書.上海=Shanghai:上海古籍出版社=Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House.
  16. Ames, R. T.(Ed.),Chan, S.-W(Ed.),Ng, M.-S e.(Ed.)(1991).Interpreting culture through translation: A Festschrift for D.C. Lau,Hong Kong:
  17. Chisholm, H. (Ed.) (1911). The encyclopedia britannica: A dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  18. Cook, S.(2002).The ‘Lüshi chunqiu’ and the resolution of philosophical dissonance.Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies,62(2),307-345.
  19. Feldman, F.(2019).The naturalistic fallacy: What it is, and what it isn’t.The naturalistic fallacy,Cambridge:
  20. James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology, vol. I. New York: Henry Holt and Co.
  21. Lau, D. C.(1992).The doctrine of Kuei Sheng in the Lü-Shih Ch'un-Ch'iu.Bulletin of the Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy,2,51-92.
  22. Lau, D. C.(1991).On the expression Zai You.Chinese texts and philosophical contexts: Essays dedicated to Angus C. Graham,La Salle, Ill.:
  23. Nichols, R.,Slingerland, E.,Nielbo, K.,Bergeton, U.,Logan, C.,Kleinman, S.(2018).Modeling the contested relationship between Analects, Mencius, and Xunzi: Preliminary evidence from a machine-learning approach.The Journal of Asian Studies,77(1),19-57.
  24. Papineau, D. Naturalism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (summer 2020 edition). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/ entries/naturalism/.
  25. Qaiser, S.,Ali, R.(2018).Text mining: Use of TF-IDF to examine the relevance of words to documents.International Journal of Computer Applications,181(1),25-29.
  26. Sellmann, J. D.(2002).Timing and rulership in Master Lü’s Spring and Autumn Annals (Lüshi chunqiu).Albany:State University of New York.
  27. 中央研究院。中央研究院「中央研究院上古漢語標記語料庫」, URL。http://lingcorpus.iis.sinica.edu.tw/cgi-bin/kiwi/akiwi/kiwi.sh?ukey=1711046657&qtype=-1
  28. 尹仲容, Z.-G.(1979).呂氏春秋校釋.臺北=Taipei:國立編譯館=National Institute for Compilation and Translation.
  29. 王利器, L.-Q.(2002).呂氏春秋注疏.成都=Chengdu:巴蜀書社=Bashu Book Club.
  30. 王偉(2011).〈呂氏春秋〉思想新探.天津:天津古籍出版社.
  31. 王啟才(編)(2015).〈呂氏春秋〉學術檔案.武漢:武漢大學出版社.
  32. 古亮(2020)。20 世紀以來《呂氏春秋》研究述評─以《呂氏春秋》與先秦典籍及先秦學術思想的關係為核心。古籍整理研究學刊,2020(1)
  33. 田鳳台, F.-T.(1986).呂氏春秋探微.臺北=Taipei:學生書局=Student Book Co., Ltd..
  34. 石雲孫(2005).訓詁得義論.合肥:安徽教育出版社.
  35. 牟宗三(2003).心體與性體(一).臺北:聯經出版事業公司.
  36. 牟鍾鑒, Z.-J.(1987).〈呂氏春秋〉與〈淮南子〉思想研究.濟南=Jinan:齊魯書社=Qilu Bookstore.
  37. 何志華(2015).呂氏春秋管窺.香港:中華書局.
  38. 佐藤將之(2013).荀子禮治思想的淵源與戰國諸子之研究.臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心.
  39. 余英時(2004).重尋胡適歷程──胡適生平與思想再認識.臺北:中央研究院.
  40. 余嘉錫(1980).四庫提要辨證.北京:中華書局.
  41. 李家驤(1999)。中外「《呂氏春秋》學」評考綜要(下)。湘潭大學學報(哲學社會科學版),1999(1)
  42. 李家驤(2001)。中外「《呂氏春秋》學」評考綜要補。湘潭大學學報(哲學社會科學版),2001(5)
  43. 李家驤(1998)。中外「《呂氏春秋》學」評考綜要(上)。湘潭大學學報(哲學社會科學版),1998(6)
  44. 侯外廬(1992).中國思想史.北京:人民出版社.
  45. 俞長保(2002)。20 世紀《呂氏春秋》研究綜述。徐州師範大學學報(哲學社會科學版),2002(4)
  46. 洪家義(1999)。論《呂氏春秋》的性質。南京大學學報(哲學•人文•社會科學),1999(4)
  47. 胡適, S.,季羨林(編)(2003).胡適全集.合肥=Hefei:安徽教育出版社=Anhui Education Press.
  48. 香港中文大學。香港中文大學「漢達文庫 CHANT」,URL。http://www.chant.org/
  49. 夏世華(2019)。呂氏春秋》的思想統一性問題述論。江漢學術,2019(3)
  50. 徐復觀, F.-G.(2001).兩漢思想史.上海=Shanghai:華東師範大學出版社=East China Normal University Press.
  51. 晁福林(2002)。《莊子•讓王》篇性質探論。學習與探索,2002(2)
  52. 張玉春(2004).呂氏春秋譯注.哈爾濱:黑龍江人民出版社.
  53. 張岱年(1982).中國哲學史史料學.北京:三聯書店.
  54. 許維遹, W.-Y.(2009).呂氏春秋集釋.北京=Beijing:中華書局=Zhonghua Book Company.
  55. 郭慶藩(1985).莊子集釋.北京:中華書局.
  56. 陳宏敬(2001)。《呂氏春秋》研究綜述。中華文化論壇,2001(2)
  57. 陳奇猷(2002).呂氏春秋新校釋.上海:上海古籍出版社.
  58. 陳寅恪(2015).寒柳堂集.北京:三聯書店.
  59. 傅武光(1993).呂氏春秋與諸子之關係.臺北:私立東吳大學中國學術著作獎助委員會.
  60. 程蘇東(2019)。《莊子•讓王》脫文輯證──基於衍生型文本生成方式的研究。復旦學報(社會科學版),2019(3)
  61. 馮友蘭(2001).三松堂全集.鄭州:河南人民出版社.
  62. 馮友蘭, Y.-L.(2001).三松堂全集.鄭州=Zhengzhou:河南人民出版社=Henan People's Publishing House.
  63. 管宗昌(2016).〈呂氏春秋〉文學研究.北京:中國社會科學出版社.
  64. 管敏義(1988).呂氏春秋譯注.銀川:寧夏人民出版社.
  65. 翟志成(2003)。中國現代學術典範的建立:救亡思潮和胡適的《中國哲學史大綱》。新亞學報,22
  66. 劉俊(2015)。傅斯年、徐復觀論「生」與「性」之關係及其思想史意義。中國哲學史,2015(4)
  67. 蕭公權(1989).中國政治思想史.上海:上海書店.
  68. 錢穆(1994).莊子纂箋.臺北:聯經出版事業公司.
  69. 顧史考, Scott(2004)。論《呂氏春秋》的雜入統出與博古通今。先秦兩漢學術,1
被引用次数
  1. 李貴生(2022)。數位人文與傳統文獻的相互作用:《呂氏春秋.十二紀》聚類分析與篇章結構新探。清華中文學報,27,179-234。
  2. (2022)。貴生-《呂氏春秋》的為君之道。臺北教育大學語文集刊,41,39-72。