論道家的兒童哲學與人性教育的方法論：以《老子》和《莊子》為主

A Study on the Methodology of Children Philosophy and Personality Education Based on LAOZI and ZHUANGZI

尹錫珉(Seokmin YOON)；李溱鎔(Jinyong LEE)

兒童哲學 ； 道家 ； 老子 ； 自然 ； 親 ； 德 ； Children Philosophy ； Taoism ； Laozi ； Nature ； Social Relationship ； Moral Cultivation

哲學與文化

44卷12期（2017 / 12 / 01）

59 - 74

繁體中文

自兒童哲學成為一個重要的學術領域以來，展開了許多關於兒童哲學教育的可能性、兒童哲學方法論及教育方法的討論。尤其是在規定兒童哲學、探索兒童哲學之方法論的過程中，不斷對「兒童哲學」、「針對兒童的哲學」以及「兒童參與的哲學」三個層面進行了不斷的討論。本文為了論證以上述三個方面為中心，傳統哲學能夠在兒童哲學的構建中發揮重要作用，從道家哲學的視角討論了兒童哲學與人性教育方法論的可能性。從強調向嬰兒、赤子之本來性回歸的老子哲學中發現「兒童哲學」的特徵；從積極否定受外部強制的規範或行為的老子哲學中探索「針對兒童的哲學」的理論根據；從強調自發性的層面確立「兒童參與的哲學」的理論根據。另外，通過以上道家的兒童哲學教育方法論，能夠通過強調確立全新的社會關係（親）及對於作為其根據的德之涵養，進一步探索道德教育與人性教育的內容。

Since children philosophy was established as a major research field, there has been a lot of discussion on the possibility, methodology and educational contents of children philosophy. In the process of defining children philosophy and searching for the methodology, three aspects have been discussed continuously: ＂philosophy of children＂, ＂philosophy for children＂ and ＂philosophy with children＂. In order to demonstrate that traditional philosophy can play an important role in shaping the composition of children philosophy, this paper discussed the possibility of children philosophy and personality education from the perspective of Taoism. First, this paper tries to discover the characteristics of ＂philosophy of children＂ in Taoism, which emphasizes ＂return to nature＂ and explores the methods. Second, this paper tries to describe characteristics of the ＂philosophy for children＂ from Taoism, which actively denies the norms or acts being imposed from outside Third, this paper tries to establish a theoretical basis of ＂philosophy with children＂ in Taoism, which emphasize spontaneity. Through the ideals of utopian children philosophy of education, it is possible to explore the contents of the social philosophy of children philosophy and education through a new establishment of social relationships and the enhancement of morality as a foundation of morality. Through these methodologies of children philosophy and personality education in Taoism, the paper seeks to explore the contents of moral education and children philosophy from the standpoint of the establishment of a new social relationship ([親]) and moral cultivation ([德]) as its origin.

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