階梯式擁擠收費體制下最佳收費階段數之研究

Optimal Pricing Steps of the Step Toll Scheme

10.6402/TPJ.200106.0253

賴禎秀(Chen-Hsiu Laih)

排隊擁擠 ； 瓶頸路段 ； 階梯式擁擠收費 ； 最佳收費階段數 ； Queuing ； Bottleneck ； The step toll scheme ； The optimal number of pricing steps

運輸計劃季刊

30卷2期（2001 / 06 / 30）

253 - 274

繁體中文

本文首先證明出n階段(n=1, 2, 3，…)的階梯式擁擠收費模式中諸項規律性特徵之存在，根據這些規律性的特徵值，則可方便吾人探討在排隊擁擠的瓶頸路段實施階梯式擁擠收費時，供方（政府）與需方（通勤者）因收費階段數之遞增所分別形成的遞增與遞減成本函數。最後在雙方之總成本最小的原則下求得階梯式擁擠收費體制下之最佳收費階段數，使階梯式擁擠收費能得到最佳運作。以上之推導結果乃是階梯式擁擠收費之理論模式中尚未被討論到的部分，故本文除了對既有理論模式之盲點有所突破外，更可提供政策執行單位在實務操作上之遵循依據。

This paper proves that there exist some regular characters to the model of the optimal n-step tolls (n=1, 2, 3, …). According to these regular results, we can then derive the optimal number of pricing steps, which minimizes the total costs for the demand and supply sides, for the step toll scheme implemented at a queuing road bottleneck These outcomes, which have not been discussed previously, not only improve the theoretical model of the step toll scheme, but also provide the authorities a rule to operate the optimal step toll in practice.

1. Arnott, R. J.de Palma, A.Lindsey, R.(1990).Economics of a Bottleneck.Journal of Urban Economics,27
2. Arnott, R. J.de Palma, A.Lindsey, R.(1990).Departure Time and Route Choice for the Morning Commute.Transportation Research, B,24
3. Braid, M.(1989).Uniform versus Peak-load Pricing of a Bottleneck with Elastic Demand.Journal of Urban Economics,26
4. Else, P. K.(1982).A Reformulation of the Theory of Optimal Congestion Taxes: a Rejoinder.Journal of Transport Economic and Policy,16
5. Else, P. K.(1981).A Reformulation of the Theory of Optimal Congestion Taxes.Journal of Transport Economic and Policy,15
6. Nash, C. A.(1982).A Reformulation of the Theory of Optimal Congestion Taxes: Comment.Journal of Transport Economic and Policy,16
7. Small, K. A.(1982).The Scheduling of Consumer Activities: Work Trips.American Economic Review,72
8. Tabuchi, T.(1993).Bottleneck Congestion and Modal Split.Journal of Urban Economics,34
9. Vickrey, W. S.(1969).Congestion Theory and Transport Investment.American Economic Review,59(2)
10. Walters, A. A.(1961).The Theory and Measurement of Private and Social Cost of Highway Congestion.Econometrica,29(3 -4)
11. 賴禎秀 Laih, Chen-Hsiu(1994).Queuing at a Bottleneck with Single- and Multi-Step Tolls.Transportation Research, A,28(3)
12. 賴禎秀 Laih, Chen-Hsiu李明儒 Lee, Ming-Ju蔡仁偉 Tsai, Ren-Wei(1997)。階梯式收費結構下通勤者之均衡行為模式 Equilibrium Commuter Behaviors Under Step Toll Schemes。運輸計劃 Transportation Planning Journal，26(4)

1. 郭奕妏(2011)。以劇變模型分析高速公路實施擁擠收費之駕駛人路線移轉行為。運輸計劃季刊，40(2)，133-160。
2. 賴禎秀,孫珮元(2020)。考量彈性到達時段與成本差異下船席等候定價模式之研究。運輸計劃季刊，49(1)，67-91。
3. 賴禎秀、吳志仁(2002)。高速公路實施匝道電子收費下最佳費率與經濟效益評估之研究。運輸計劃，31(1)，37-57。
4. 賴禎秀、楊培俊、曾俊琳、白俊英(2003)。開車通勤者時間價值之模式研究。運輸計劃，32(3)，479-492。
5. 彭一民、許巧鶯(2004)。運輸走廊瓶頭路段擁擠收費與捷運補貼之研究。運輸計劃，33(4)，699-729。