题名

因應氣候變遷之都市街區規劃設計策略與永續「共效益」－建物重建階段

并列篇名

Climate Change-oriented Street Level Urban Planning and Design Approaches and Sustainable Development ＂Co-benefits＂ -Buildings Rebuilt Phase

DOI

10.6128/CP.202103_48(1).0002

作者

蔡育新(Yu-Hsin Tsai)；徐嘉信(Chia-Hsin Hsu)；王絢(Hsuan Wang)；林家靖(Chia-Ching Lin)

关键词

都市計畫 ； 建物重建 ； 氣候變遷 ； 減緩與調適 ； 共效益 ； Urban planning ； Building reconstruction ； Climate change ； Mitigation and adaptation ； Co-benefits

期刊名称

都市與計劃

卷期/出版年月

48卷1期（2021 / 03 / 31）

页次

27 - 48

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

都市計畫區的減緩與調適實施方式，如何由公園等開放空間擴展至街區空間，由高位階的規劃政策原則，進展至更明確的操作性空間規劃設計，國內外仍多處於發展階段。本研究的主要目的為綜析國內外街區的相關空間規劃方法與永續「共效益」，主要研究方法為文獻回顧，研究時空以當前台灣都市面臨建物重建階段，所產生再造機會的街區空間為範疇。研究成果顯示退縮空間、人行空間與建物重建後釋出的路邊停車空間，三者組合成的「街區開放空間」是重要的跨都市計畫與交通部門的規劃單元。政策建議包括：以不同街區條件所產生的減緩調適模組為目標導向，搭配利用地面退縮、建蔽率規劃以提供充足的街區開放空間、「灰色基底」轉「綠基底」的落實、建物立體退縮以增加可及性高的中低樓層屋頂、與多功能屋頂的永續規劃。
英文摘要

Integrating strategies of mitigation and adaptation into urban planning, particularly expanding from planning for individual parks to ＂street-level＂ open spaces, is essential for responding to climate change impacts. However, both domestic and foreign literature show limited research and practices. The aim of this study is to analyze spatial planning tools for mitigation and adaptation and how they generate ＂co-benefits＂. The primary research method is literature review. The current needs for building reconstruction and urban renewal may provide the opportunity of reshaping urban space in Taiwan. The research results indicate that street-level open spaces comprising of building setbacks, pedestrian spaces and roadside parking spaces released by building reconstruction are essential to cross-sector policies between planning and transportation departments. Relevant planning tools include proposing customized policies to create sufficient street-level open spaces with corresponding setbacks and coverage ratio regulations; replacing ＂grey-based＂ planning with ＂green-based＂ planning, employing mid-building setbacks regulations, and promoting multi-functional and sustainable roofs.
主题分类 工程學 > 土木與建築工程
工程學 > 市政與環境工程
参考文献
  1. Ahern, J.(2011).From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: Sustainability and resilience in the new urban world.Landscape and Urban Planning,100(4),341-343.
  2. Alexandri, E.,Jones, P.(2008).Temperature decreases in an urban canyon due to green walls and green roofs in diverse climates.Building and Environment,43(4),480-493.
  3. Balaban, O.,Oliveira, J.(2014).Understanding the links between urban regeneration and climate friendly urban development: Lessons from two case studies in Japan.Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability,19(8),868-890.
  4. Betsill, M.,Bulkeley, H.(2007).Looking back and thinking ahead: A decade of cities and climate change research.Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability,12(5),447-456.
  5. Biesbroek, G. R.,Swart, R. J.,Knaap, W. G. M.(2009).The mitigation–adaptation dichotomy and the role of spatial planning.Habitat International,33(3),230-237.
  6. Bulkeley, H.(2006).A changing climate for spatial planning.Planning Theory and Practice,7(2),203-214.
  7. Campbell, H.(2006).Is the issue of climate change too big for spatial planning?.Planning Theory and Practice,7(2),201-203.
  8. Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems (2013). Benchmarks + Goal Setting. City of Austin, cmbps, https://www.cmpbs.org/sites/default/files/project-details/130802_seaholm_ecodistrict_final_report_spreads_small.pdf, Mar. 18, 2019.
  9. Cook-Patton, S.,Bauerle, T.(2012).Potential benefits of plant diversity on vegetated roofs: A literature review.Journal of Environmental Management,106,85-92.
  10. Corning, P. A.(1998).“The synergism hypothesis”: On the concept of synergy and its role in the evolution of complex systems.Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems,21(2),133-172.
  11. De Urbanisten (2015). Rotterdam roofscapes, De Urbanisten, http://www.urbanisten.nl/wp/?portfolio=rotterdam-roofscapes, May 8, 2019.
  12. Demuzere, M.,Orru, K.,Heidrich, O.,Olazabal, E.,Geneletti, D.,Orru, H.,Bhave, A. G.,Mittal, N.,Feliu, E.,Faehnle, M.(2014).Mitigating and adapting to climate change: Multi-functional and multi-scale assessment of green urban infrastructure.Journal of Environmental Management,145,107-115.
  13. Derkzen, M. L.,van Teeffelen, A. J. A.,Verburg, P. H.(2015).Quantifying urban ecosystem services based on highresolution data of urban green space: An assessment for Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Journal of Applied Ecology,52(4),1020-1032.
  14. Di Gregorio, M.,Nurrochmat, D. R.,Paavola, J.,Sari, I. M.,Fatorelli, L.,Pramova, E.,Locatelli, B.,Brockhaus, M.,Kusumadewi, S. D.(2017).Climate policy integration in the land use sector: Mitigation, adaptation and sustainable development linkages.Environmental Science and Policy,67,35-43.
  15. Duguma, L. A.,Minang, P. A.,van Noordwijk, M.(2014).Climate change mitigation and adaptation in the land use sector: From complementarity to synergy.Environmental Management,54(3),420-432.
  16. Ebrahimian, A.,Wilson, B. N.,Gulliver, J. S.(2016).Improved methods to estimate the effective impervious area in urban catchments using rainfall-runoff data.Journal of Hydrology,536,109-118.
  17. Ellis, J.(2012).Sustainable surface water management and green infrastructure in UK urban catchment planning.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,56(1),24-41.
  18. Ewing, R.,Cervero, R.(2010).Travel and the built environment: A meta-analysis.Journal of the American Planning Association,76(3),265-294.
  19. Gill, S.,Handley, J.,Ennos, A.,Pauleit, S.(2007).Adapting cities for climate change: The role of the green infrastructure.Built Environment,33(1),115-133.
  20. Gomez, S. S. H.,Nolasco, A. Q.,Urrestarazu, L. O.(2017).The role of green roofs in climate change mitigation. A case study in Seville (Spain).Building and Environment,123,575-584.
  21. Griffith, J. C.(1994).Open space preservation: An imperative for quality campus environments.The Journal of Higher Education,65(6),645-669.
  22. Hall, A.(2010).Green Infrastructure Case Studies: Municipal Policies for Managing.Washington, D.C.:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  23. Hong Kong Government(2016).Hong Kong 2030+, Planning and Urban Design for a Liveable High-Density City.Hong Kong:Hong Kong Government.
  24. Hubacek, K.,Kronenberg, J.(2013).Synthesizing different perspectives on the value of urban ecosystem services.Landscape and Urban Planning,109(1),1-6.
  25. Jim, C. Y.(2004).Green-space preservation and allocation for sustainable greening of compact cities.Cities,21(4),311-320.
  26. Jim, C.Y.(2013).Sustainable urban greening strategies for compact cities in developing and developed economies.Urban Ecosystems,16(4),741-761.
  27. Johannsen, V. K.,Nord-Larsen, T.,Riis-Nielsen, T.,Bastrup-Birk, A.,Vesterdal, L.,Møller, I. S.(2009).Forest & Landscape Working PapersForest & Landscape Working Papers,Hørsholm:Forest & Landscape Denmark.
  28. Kleinhans, R. J.(2012).International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home.United Kingdom:Elsevier Science.
  29. Laukkonen, J.,Blanco, P. K.,Lenhart, J.(2009).Combining climate change adaptation and mitigation measures.Habitat International,33(3),287-292.
  30. Luber, G.,McGeehin, M.(2008).Climate change and extreme heat events.American Journal of Preventive Medicine,35(5),429-435.
  31. Meerow, S.,Newell. J. P.(2017).Spatial planning for multifunctional green infrastructure: Growing resilience in Detroit.Landscape and Urban Planning,159,62-75.
  32. Mentens, J.,Raes, D.,Hermy, M.(2006).Green roofs as a tool for solving the rainwater runoff problem in the urbanized 21st century?.Landscape and Urban Planning,77(3),217-226.
  33. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(2005).Ecosystem and Human Well-being – Synthesis.Washington, D.C.:World Resources Institute.
  34. Nelson, A.,Malicia, E.(2006).Planning leadership in a new era.Journal of the American Planning Association,72(4),393-409.
  35. New York City (2013). Active design sharing the sidewalk experience, City of New York, NACTO, https://nacto.org/docs/usdg/active_design_shaping_the_sidewalk_experience_nycdot.pdf, Mar. 7, 2020.
  36. Nowak, D.,Greenfield, E.,Hoehn, R.,Lapoint, E.(2013).Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in urban and community areas of the United States.Environmental Pollution,178,229-236.
  37. NSW Government – Planning & Environment(2015).The Sydenham to Bankstown Urban Renewal Corridor Strategy.Sydney:NSW Government.
  38. O’Sullivan, F. (2015). The urban planner’s guide to a post COP21 world, Next City, https://nextcity.org/features/view/cop-21-agreement-means-for-cities-climate-change, May 25, 2019.
  39. Paddison, R.(2012).Housing and neighbourhood quality: Urban regeneration.International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home
  40. Pietrapertosa, F.,Salvia, M.,Hurtado, S. D. G.,D'Alonzo, V.,Church, J. M.,Musco, F.,Geneletti, D.,Reckien, D.(2018).Urban climate change mitigation and adaptation planning: Are Italian cities ready?.Cities,91,93-105.
  41. Pouyat, R. V.,Yesilonis, I. D.,Nowak, D. J.(2006).Carbon storage by urban soils in the United States.Journal of Environmental Quality,35(4),1566-1575.
  42. Reckien, D.,Salvia, M.,Heidrich, O.,Church, J. M.,Pietrapertosa, F.,De Gregorio-Hurtado, S.,D'Alonzo,V.,Foley, A.,Simoes, S. G.,Lorencová, E. K.,Orru, H.,Wejs, A.,Flacke, J.,Olazabal, M.,Geneletti, D.,Feliu, E.,Vasilie, S.,Nador, C.,Krook-Riekkola, A.,Matosovi, M.,Fokaides, P. A.,Ioannou, B. I.,Flamos, A.,Spyridaki, N.,Balzan, M. V.,Fülöp, O.,Paspaldzhiev, I.,Grafakos, S.,Dawson, R.(2018).How are cities planning to respond to climate change? Assessment of local climate plans from 885 cities in the EU-28.Journal of Cleaner Production,191,207-219.
  43. Reid, W. V.,Mooney, H. A.,Cropper, A.,Capistrano, D.,Carpenter, S. R.,Chopra, K.,Dasgupta, P.,Dietz, T.,Duraiappah, A. K.,Hassan, R.,Kasperson, R.,Leemans, R.,May, R. M.,McMichael, T.,Pingali, P.,Samper, C.,Scholes, R.,Watson, R. T.,Zakri, A. H.,Shidong, Z.,Ash, N. J.,Bennett, E.,Kumar, P.,Lee, M. J.,Raudsepp-Hearne, C.,Simons, H.,Thonell, J.,Zurek, M. B.(2005).,Millennium Assessment and World Resources Institute.
  44. Rosa, D. L.,Privitera, R.,Barbarossa, L.,Greca, P. L.(2017).Assessing spatial benefits of urban regeneration programs in a highly vulnerable urban context: A case study in Catania, Italy.Landscape and Urban Planning,157,180-192.
  45. Saavedra, G.,Budd, W. W.(2009).Climate change and environmental planning: Working to build community resilience and adaptive capacity in Washington State, USA.Habitat International,33(3),246-252.
  46. Salvana, L.,Abilya, M.,Gourbesvillea, P.,Jérôme Schoorens, J.(2016).Drainage system and detailed urban topography operational 1D-2D modelling for stormwater management.Procedia Engineering,154,890-897.
  47. Santamouris, M.(2014).Cooling the cities: A review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments.Solar Energy,103,682-703.
  48. Spatari, S.,Yu, Z.,Montalto, F.(2011).Life cycle implications of urban green infrastructure.Environmental Pollution,159(8-9),2174-2179.
  49. Tallis, M.,Taylor, G.,Sinnett, D.,Freer-Smith, P.(2011).Estimating the removal of atmospheric particulate pollution by the urban tree canopy of London, under current and future environments.Landscape Urban Planning,103(2),129-138.
  50. Tan, P. Y.,Wang, J.,Sia, A.(2013).Perspectives on five decades of urban greening of Singapore.Cites,32,24-32.
  51. Turner, K. G.,Odgaard, M. V.,Bocher, P. K.,Dalgaard, T.,Svenning, J. C.(2014).Bundling ecosystem services in Denmark: Trade-offs and synergies in a cultural landscape.Landscape and Urban Planning,125,89-104.
  52. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(2000).Low-Impact Development (LID): A Literature Review.Washington, D.C.:U.S. Environment Protection Agency.
  53. Viguié, V.,Hallegatte, S.(2012).Trade-offs and synergies in urban climate policies.Nature Climate Change,2(5),334-337.
  54. von Eye, A.,Schuster, C.,Rogers, W. M.(1998).Modelling synergy using manifest categorical variables.International Journal of Behavioral Development,22(3),537-557.
  55. Warren, P. S.,Ryan, R. L.,Susannah B.,Lerman, S. B.,Tooke, K. A.(2011).Social and institutional factors associated with land use and forest conservation along two urban gradients in Massachusetts.Landscape and Urban Planning,102(2),82-92.
  56. William, M.(2010).Landscape Planning: Environmental Application.New York:John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
  57. 內政部 (2012b)，建築基地保水設計技術規範，「內政部營建署全球資訊網」，https://www.cpami.gov.tw/%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF/%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A/30-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%AF%87/10531-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0%E4%BF%9D%E6%B0%B4%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84.html，2019 年 6 月 26 日。
  58. 內政部 (2012a)，建築基地綠化設計技術規範，「內政部營建署全球資訊網」，https://www.cpami.gov.tw/%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF/%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A/30-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%AF%87/10536-%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%B6%A0%E5%8C%96%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84.html，2019 年 6 月 26 日。
  59. 內政部營建署 (2018)，都市人本交通道路規劃設計手冊 ( 第二版 )，「內政部營建署全球資訊網 」，http://myway.cpami.gov.tw/Article/newsArticle/ArticleCont/185.html，2019 年 6月 16 日。
  60. 台北市政府 (2019a)，臺北市松山區都市計畫通盤檢討 ( 主要計畫 ) 案，「臺北市都市計畫整合查詢系統」，http://www.udd.taipei.gov.tw/overall-review/documents/district_4/%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82%E6%9D%BE%E5%B1%B1%E5%8D%80%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB%E9%80%9A%E7%9B%A4%E6%AA%A2%E8%A8%8E(%E4%B8%BB%E9%83%A8%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB)%E6%A1%88(1070607%E5%85%AC%E9%96%8B%E5%B1%95%E8%A6%BD%E7%89%88)_%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB%E6%9B%B8.pdf，2019 年 12 月 10 日。
  61. 台北市政府 (2019b)，臺北市南港區都市計畫細部計畫 ( 通盤檢討 ) 案，「臺北市都市計 畫整 合查 詢系 統 」，http://udd.gov.taipei/FileUpload/34-11694/Documents/1080118%E5%8D%97%E6%B8%AF%E9%80%9A%E6%AA%A2%E7%B4%B0%E8%A8%88%E6%9B%B8(%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A%E5%AF%A6%E6%96%BD%E7%89%88)(%E6%94%B9%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2.p.60)%E5%A3%93%E7%B8%AE.pdf，2019 年12 月 10 日。
  62. 台北市政府 (2011)，臺北市土地使用分區管制規則，「臺北市法規查詢系統」，http://www.laws.taipei.gov.tw/lawsystem/wfLaw_ArticleContent.aspx?LawID=P13B1002-20110524&RealID=13-02-1002，2019 年 6 月 10 日。
  63. 台北市政府都發局 (2017)，配合「都市危險及老舊建築物加速重建條例」第七條放寬建蔽率及建築物高度方向，「臺北市政府都市發展局」，https://www-ws.gov.taipei/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvMzczL3JlbGZpbGUvMTg5NzAvNzU4ODg5NC80NzIyMjEzNy00MGJiLTRlNWYtYTU1Ni01YTEwYmU3MjE3NTUucGRm&n=Mi7mnIPorbDnlbblpKnluILlupznsKHloLEucGRm，2019 年 6 月 10 日。 LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvMzczL3JlbGZpbGUvMTg5NzAvNzU4ODg5NC80NzIyMjEzNy00MGJiLTRlNWYtYTU1Ni01YTEwYmU3MjE3NTUucGRm&n
  64. 高雄市政府 (2013)，都市計畫法高雄市施行細則，「高雄市都市設計服務網」，https://urbandesign.kcg.gov.tw/UDA/web_upload/SB04006/026/026.pdf，2019 年 6 月 15 日。
  65. 國家發展委員會 ( 國發會 )(2014a)，國家氣候變遷調適行動計畫（102-106 年），「國家發展委員會」，https://www.ndc.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=FCB2E59927B8AFFD，2019 年 6 月 18日。
  66. 國家發展委員會 ( 國發會 )(2014b)，土地使用領域行動方案 (102-106 年 )，「國家發展委員會」，https://www.ndc.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=FCB2E59927B8AFFD，2019 年 6 月 18 日。
  67. 張學聖(2014)。台灣都市更新推動回顧與省思。府際關係研究通訊，16，12-14。
  68. 莊孟翰(2010)。,臺灣綜合研究院。
被引用次数
  1. 蔡育新,徐嘉信,林家靖(2023)。「街區開放空間」之氣候變遷規劃綜效與共效益－建物重建對主次要道路之驅動。都市與計劃，50(2)，159-194。
  2. 謝宗恒,林容竹(2023)。氣候變遷議題納入景觀設計課程之諮議。造園季刊，98，1-18。
  3. (2022)。綠能屋頂對於畜牧業經營之共效益分析：以雲林縣為例。臺灣能源期刊，9(1)，89-106。
print cancel