公共領域的結構轉型：以美國著作權法的理論變遷與實務觀點為中心

The Structural Transformation of the Public Domain-An Overview of the Theories and Practices of American Jurisprudence on the Transition of Copyright

10.7015/JEAS.201112.1023

黃居正(Chu-Cheng Huang)；邱盈翠(Ying-Tsui Chiu)

公共領域 ； 著作權 ； 資訊近用 ； 市民社會 ； 智慧財產 ； public domain ； copyright ； access to information ； civil society ； intellectual property

歐美研究

41卷4期（2011 / 12 / 01）

1023 - 1097

繁體中文

公共領域在概念上是一開放性的資訊空間，公眾可自由近用其內容物。於著作權法架構下，公共領域所支持的資訊近用自由，始終被認為與著作權的排他性權利處於相對的立場，惟其與社會通念未必相符。本文首先由美國著作權法下理論的探討出發，討論公共領域的本質特性、功能與範圍，其後以美國司法實務對於公共領域概念具備憲法層次見解的確立為基礎，分析司法權於具體個案中就公共領域範圍建構的相關論述，與學理論述互相檢視。文末對公共領域概念於美國著作權法理論與司法實務見解中的發展，作一全盤性的總評。

Public domain is commonly conceived of as an informational open space in which the public may access content without consideration of any need to seek the right holders' permission. Interpreted in terms of the copyright framework, the public domain is usually treated as an opposite pole of the exclusive proprietary rights regime. However, social context may play a greater role than is usually thought. This article, therefore, intends to explore the essential character of the public domain, its function and category with reference to the theories and practice of the American jurisprudence, with a particular focus on constitutional perspectives. After which, an evaluation is offered of major currents of thought regarding the public domain.

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