U.S. Interlocal Energy Collaboration on Energy Efficiency, Sustainability and Climate Protection

美國地方政府的能源合作模式：能源效率、永續性以及氣候防護策略

10.7015/JEAS.201309_43(3).0001

陳思先(Ssu-Hsien Chen)

地方政府能源合作 ； 制度性集體行動困境 ； 能源效率 ； 永續性 ； 氣候防護 ； Interlocal energy collaboration ； institutional collective action dilemmas ； energy efficiency ； sustainability ； climate protection

歐美研究

43卷3期（2013 / 09 / 01）

455 - 536

英文

地方政府的能源合作行為主要在於化解制度主義之集體行動困境，冀克服外部性、跨行政管轄以及搭便車的問題。實務上，美國地方政府的能源合作可窺見於節能減碳協定、跨域污染防治、綠色採購、增修綠能建築等，其合作模式可分為「契約合作機制」及「集體合作機制」。本研究於2010年進行全美國中型都市調查，研究結果顯示，當預期交易成本極高或極低時，地方政府傾向使用非正式口頭承諾來約定，意於保留最大地方自治空間及彈性。而當預期交易成本為中等程度時，正式管道合作較易進入政策選項，用以規範行為者，並降低不履行義務的風險。

What factors facilitate interlocal energy collaboration? To what extent does collaboration through interlocal contractual mechanisms differ from that arising through collective mechanisms? This research attempts to answer these questions by examining the priorities of city governments with respect to energy-related issues as well as other institutional collective action (ICA) explanatory factors. Research data are drawn mainly from the 2010 national survey ”implementation of energy efficiency and sustainability program” conducted by Florida State University.The research findings indicate that cities' emphasis on common pool resources, economies of scales, and externality issues significantly affects individual choices of energy collaboration tools. When anticipated transaction costs are extremely high or low, informal contractual mechanisms are more likely to be employed to preserve local autonomy and flexibility; in other cases, written and formal tools for collaboration are the preferred means of imposing constraints on individual behavior and reducing the risks of defection.

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