國人自覺心理健康：2001年國民健康訪問調查結果

Self-perceived Mental Health of Taiwan Residents: Results of 2001 National Health Interview Survey

10.6288/TJPH2003-22-06-05

鍾文慎(Wen-Shen Isabella Chung)；張新儀(Hsing-Yi Chang)；石曜堂(Yaw-Tang Shih)；溫啟邦(Chi-Pang Wen)

心理健康狀態 ； 國民健康訪問調查 ； 自覺健康狀態量表 ； mental health ； NHIS ； SF-36

台灣公共衛生雜誌

22卷6期（2003 / 12 / 01）

465 - 473

繁體中文

目標：了解不同性別、年齡、地區、就業及婚姻狀態等之國人心理健康狀態分布情形。方法：分析2001年國民健康訪問調查資料，研究對象為年滿20歲並回答「自覺健康狀態量表（SF-36）（The 36-Item Short From Health Survey）」中有關心理健康構面之資料者，分數超過樣本平均分數者定義為心理健康較佳者。結果：有效樣本共有7,296位男性及7,556位女性，心理健康分數總平均值為72.8（±16.8），由於抽樣單位是家戶，戶中全訪，分析單位是個人，分析方法均考慮家戶影響。男性心理健康較佳者約有57.9%，多於女性之46.6%。20-44歲、45-64歲及65歲及以上之男性，其心理健康平均分數各為74.7（Standard Error, SE=0.25）、75.9（SE=0.35）及74.9（SE=0.53），女性各為71.3（SE=0.26）、70.8（SE=0.35）及67.2（SE=0.58）。日常活動（Activity of Daily Living, ADL）有困難者之平均分數為最低。控制其他變項後：總體而言，男性（Odds ratio, OR=1.47；95% Confidence Interval, CI, 1.37-1.57）、已婚者（OR=1.13；95% CI, 1.02-1.25）、有工作者（OR=1.45；95% CI, 1.25-1.67）以及無ADL困難者（OR=3.14；95% CI, 2.31-4.28）之自覺心理健康較佳，中壯年（45-64歲）者之自覺心理健康較差。男性心理健康之趨勢與總體趨勢很類似，唯居住於宜花東地區者較其他地區較佳；女性則於20-44歲明顯不佳（OR=0.70；95% CI, 0.57-0.87），桃竹苗地區（OR=1.34；95% CI, 1.03-1.75）較宜花東地區為佳。結論：自覺身體健康狀況、身體功能、年齡及性別等因素與國人自覺心理健康狀況有關，自覺健康狀況較差者、失能（ADL有困難）者、失業者，以及20-44歲女性為需要較多關注之族群。

Objectives: To analyze the distribution of the self-perceived mental health status by demographic variables, SES (Socio-economic status), employment status, and ADL (Activity of Daily Living) status among the residents in Taiwan. Methods: We used data from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) in Taiwan, for adults aged 20 or older, who provided effective answers to the questions on mental health domain of SF-36 (The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey). The subjects were classified as being in better mental health, if they scored above average. Because the household was the sampling unit, and the individual was the analysis unit, statistical methods adjusting the correlation within household were used in all the analysis. Results: A total of 7,296 males and 7,556 females were recruited. The overall mean scored higher than average. The means values for males aged 20-44, 45-64, and 65 years or older, were 74.7, 75.9, and 74.9, respectively. These values were 71.3, 70.8, and 67.2 for their female counterparts. Mean score for disabled persons were the lowest among all groups. After controlling for other variables, males had better mental health than females (Odd ratio, OR=1.47; 95% Confidence Interval, CI, 1.37-1.57). Persons perceived themselves as having good/better physical health (OR=2.54; 95% CI, 2.36-2.73), the employed persons (OR=1.45; 95% CI, 1.25-1.67), persons without ADL dysfunction (OR=3.14; 95% CI, 2.31-4.28), and married persons (OR=1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.25) all had better mental health than other groups. Males in other parts of Taiwan (OR range=0.65~0.78, 95% CI) had worse mental health than those resided in the eastern part of the island. Females in the northwestern part of the island (OR1.34; 95% CI, 1.03-1.75) had better mental health than those in other parts of the island. Females below 45 years had worse mental health (OR=0.70, 95% CI, 0.57-0.87) than those in other age groups. Conclusions: Self-perceived physical health status, physical function, age and gender were the factors associated with the self-perceived mental health in Taiwan. The disabled, the unemployed, and women below 45 years of age may require more attention on their mental health.

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