社會經濟狀況、一般健康狀態、健康行為與社區成年民眾憂鬱情緒的關係

The Association of Depressive Symptoms with Socioeconomic Status, General Health Conditions, and Health Behaviors in community-dwelling Adults

10.6288/TJPH2009-28-04-05

劉嘉年(Chia-Nien Liu)

憂鬱情緒 ； 台灣人憂鬱量表 ； 社會經濟狀況 ； 一般健康狀態 ； 健康行為 ； depressive symptoms ； Taiwan depression questionnaire ； socioeconomic factors ； general health conditions ； health behaviors

台灣公共衛生雜誌

28卷4期（2009 / 08 / 01）

300 - 311

繁體中文

目標：分析影響台灣成年民眾憂鬱情緒的社會經濟狀況、一般健康狀態、與健康行為因素。方法：採橫斷式研究，以2002年國民健康局「台灣地區國民健康促進知識、態度與行為調查」中20歲以上受訪者為研究對象，憂鬱測量以「台灣人憂鬱量表」之總分≧19分為「憂鬱情緒」者，並以邏輯式迴歸分析影響憂鬱情緒的因素。結果：有效樣本共23,466人，依據20~44歲、45~64歲、與65歲以上老人以及男、女分成六組，其憂鬱情緒比率分別為3.4%、5.4%、3.0%、5.5%、5.5%、10.2%。各組的憂鬱情緒主要受到一般健康狀況所影響，自覺健康狀況不好、有慢性疼痛、日常活動功能有困難、罹患慢性病種類越多者其憂鬱情緒比率較高。20~44歲與45~64歲男性的憂鬱情緒容易受到社會經濟因素所影響，特別是月所得因素，男性的月所得越高者其憂鬱情緒的比率越低；20~44歲組女性的憂鬱情緒僅受到婚姻狀態的影響。在健康行為方面，20~44歲組男、女性有規律運動者其憂鬱情緒比率較低；吸菸與飲酒行為對於女性較具影響力，特別是20~44歲與65歲以上女性的憂鬱情緒與吸菸行為顯著相關。結論：一般健康狀況因素與憂鬱情緒密切相關，而社會經濟與健康行為因素僅對於特定性別或年齡層具有影響力，因此，建議預防憂鬱的政策需要有多面向的策略。

Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the relationships between depressive symptoms and socioeconomic status, general health conditions, and health behaviors in community-dwelling adults in Taiwan. Methods: This study selected a cross-sectional sample of adults aged 20 and over from the ”National Survey on the Health Promotion Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior of Taiwanese Adults” in 2002, conducted by the Bureau of Health Promotion (BHP). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ), and the total score of ≥19 was used to identify depressive symptoms. Analysis was conducted using Chi-square and logistic regression. Results: Of the total sample of 23,466 adults, 3.4% of men aged 20~44, 5.4% of women aged 20~44, 3.0% of men aged 45~64, 5.5% of women aged 45~64, 5.5% of men aged ≥65, and 10.2% of women aged ≥65 had depressive symptoms. Poor general health conditions including poor self-rated health, chronic pain, difficulty in daily activities, and numbers of chronic diseases, were all strongly correlated with the presence of depressive symptoms in all six gender-age groups. Especially for men in the 20~44 and 45~64 age groups, depressive symptoms were associated with lower income level. For women aged 20~44, the only socioeconomic factor linked with depressive symptoms was marital status. Men and women aged 20~44 exercising regularly were less likely to have depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were associated with smoking and drinking behavior in women (especially in women aged 20~44 and aged ≥65). Conclusions: Depressive symptoms are strongly linked with general health conditions for all adults, and associated with socioeconomic factors and health behavior for specific gender and age groups. These findings suggest the need for a multidimensional approach to prevent depression.

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