题名

千禧年發展目標：背景、進度與挑戰

并列篇名

Millennium Development Goals: Background, Progress and Challenges

DOI

10.6288/TJPH201433103017

作者

曾育慧(Yu-Hwei Tseng)；江東亮(Tung-Liang Chiang)

关键词

千禧年發展目標 ； 後2015年 ； 全球衛生 ； 永續發展目標 ； Millennium Development Goals ； post-2015 ； global health ； sustainable development goals

期刊名称

台灣公共衛生雜誌

卷期/出版年月

33卷3期（2014 / 06 / 15）

页次

221 - 237

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

西元2000年聯合國發表「千禧年宣言」，隔年再提出「千禧年發展目標」：希望在2015年達到消除貧窮、普及基礎教育、性別平等、降低兒童死亡率、改善孕產婦健康、控制重大傳染病、環境永續發展，及全球合作共八大目標。千禧年發展目標深具公共衛生意涵，每項均為已知的健康決定因素，影響全球健康政策制定、實務工作與學術研究的方向。隨著2015年期限將屆，全球一方面檢討進度，另一方面則熱烈討論可能接續的永續發展目標。本文回顧千禧年發展目標的背景、進度及挑戰，指出台灣有待彌補的知識與發展落差，最後強調台灣應關心千禧年發展目標運動，以及參與後2015年議程的國際活動。
英文摘要

Following the Millennium Declaration in 2000, the United Nations introduced eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to: 1) eradicate poverty, 2) achieve universal primary education, 3) promote gender equality, 4) reduce child mortality, 5) improve maternal health, 6) combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, 7) ensure environmental sustainability, and 8) establish global partnerships for development. MDGs as a whole have profound implications for public health since each goal is a proven health determinant. From policy to research, these goals shape the landscape of global health. As the 2015 deadline approaches, the international community shows intensified interest in assessing progress and setting a new set of goals in the framework of sustainable development. This article traces the socio-political context of the emergence of MDGs, reviews current progress and emerging issues, and identifies Taiwan's gaps in knowledge and action. It concludes by urging Taiwan to pay closer attention to global development issues and to participate in the post-2015 forum.
主题分类 醫藥衛生 > 預防保健與衛生學
醫藥衛生 > 社會醫學
参考文献
  1. 王佳雯、鄭雅文、徐儆暉(2011)。不安定僱用模式與受僱者健康之相關。台灣衛誌，30，217-27。
    連結：
  2. 張晏蓉、葉婉榆、陳春萬、陳秋蓉、石東生、鄭雅文(2007)。台灣受僱者疲勞的分布狀況與相關因素。台灣衛誌，26，75-87。
    連結：
  3. 行政院國家永續發展委員會：2012永續發展指標系統評量結果。http://nsdn.epa.gov.tw/CH/DEVELOPMENT/20131227.pdf。引用2014/01/28。Environmental Protection Administration, Exective Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan). Results of a sustainable development indicators system assessment in 2012. Available at: http://nsdn.epa.gov.tw/CH/DEVELOPMENT/20131227.pdf. Accessed January 28, 2014.
  4. 經濟部水利署：歷年各縣市供水普及率87-101。http://www.wra.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=45043&ctNode=7539&comefrom=lp。引用2014/02/24。Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. Water supply access rates in cities and counties - 1998-2012. Available at: http://www.wra.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=45043&ctNode=7539&comefrom=lp. Accessed February 24, 2014.
  5. Nayyar D. The MDGs after 2015: some reflections on the possibilities. UN System Task Team on the Post-2015 UN Development Agenda. Available at:http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/untaskteam_undf/d_nayyar.pdf. Accessed March, 1, 2013.
  6. International Monetary Fund. Poverty reduction strategy papers. Available at:http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/prsp.htm. Accessed April 4, 2013
  7. 內政部：歷年簡易生命表。http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/Life/quary-1age.htm。引用2014/01/27。Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C. (Taiwan). Abridged life tables of Taiwan area. Available at: http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/Life/quary-1age.htm. Accessed January 27, 2014.
  8. 中華民國統計資訊網：各年度社會指標統計表及歷年專題探討。http://www.stat.gov.tw/lp.asp?ctNode=538&CtUnit=375&BaseDSD=7。引用2014/05/03。National Statistics, Republic of China (Taiwan).Social indicators (all years). Available at: http://www.stat.gov.tw/lp.asp?ctNode=538&CtUnit=375&BaseDSD=7. Accessed May 3, 2014
  9. United Nations General Assembly. Outcome Document of the Special Event to Follow up Efforts Made towards Achieving the Millennium Development Goals. New York: United Nations, 2013.
  10. The European Research on Development Policies. Report on development 2012/2013 outline 2012. Available at: http://www.erd-report.eu/erd/report_2012/documents/erd-2013-outline.pdf. Accessed January 2, 2014
  11. 林欣漢：“我們要自來水”申設遭拒，苗栗縣公館鄉大坑村200戶怒吼。http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2013/new/apr/3/today-north9.htm。引用2013/04/03。Lin HH. “We want tap water”—Water system application refused: 200 residents of Dakeng Village, Gongguan Township, Miaoli County voice their discontent. Available at: http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2013/new/apr/3/today-north9.htm. Accessed April 3, 2013. [In Chinese]
  12. 教育部：各級教育學齡人口在學率—淨在學率。http://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/time/study.htm。引用2014/01/27。Ministry of Education, R.O.C. (Taiwan). Net enrollment rate by educational level. Available at: http://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/time/study.htm.Accessed January 27, 2014.
  13. Lingán J, Cutter A, Cornforth J, Ullah F. UNDESA Survey on the Sustainable Development Goals: synthesis of responses from UN Member State Missions. Available at: http://post2015.org/2013/02/01/undesa-survey-on-the-sustainable-development-goals-synthesis-of-responses-from-un-member-state-missions. Accessed January 2, 2014.
  14. Hulme D. The making of the Millennium Development Goals: human development meets results-based management in an imperfect world (December 5, 2007). Brooks World Poverty Institute Working Paper No. 16. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1246696. Accessed April 7, 2012
  15. 衛生福利部：愛滋防治第五期五年計畫。http://www.cdc.gov.tw/list.aspx?treeid=5ff75185b74d8265&nowtreeid=33d2f26f11bb6063。引用2014/05/03。Ministry of Health and Welfare, R.O.C. (Taiwan). The 5th five-year HIV prevention and control strategic plan. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov.tw/list.aspx?treeid=5ff75185b74d8265&nowtreeid=33d2f26f11bb6063. Accessed May 3, 2014. [In Chinese]
  16. 行政院主計總處：聯合國「千禧年宣言」之發展目標及評量指標。http://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas03/bs2/socialindicator/indices2003.doc。引用2012/11/23。Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Exective Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan). Developmental goals and assessment indicators as part of the UN's Millennium Declaration. Available at: http://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas03/bs2/socialindicator/indices2003.doc. Accessed November 23, 2012.
  17. Ahmad, E,Ayres, RL,Fields, G(1990).World Development Report 1990.New York:Oxford University Press.
  18. Annan, KA.(2000).We the Peoples - The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century.New York:United Nations.
  19. Aryeetey, E,Esty, D,Feulner, E.,未出版
  20. Bahadur, C,Kruk, M,Schmidt-Traub, G.(2005).Preparing National Strategies to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals: A Handbook.New York:United Nations Development Programme.
  21. Bandara, A..,未出版
  22. Denney, L..,未出版
  23. Dodd, R,Cassels, A.(2006).Health, development and the Millennium Development Goals.Ann Trop Med Parasitol,100,379-88.
  24. Freedman, LP.(2005).Achieving the MDGs: Health systems as core social institutions.Development,48,19-24.
  25. Friel, S,Chiang, TL,Cho, Y,Guo, Y,Hashimoto, H,Jayasinghe, S(2011).Freedom to lead a life we have reason to value? A spotlight on health inequity in the Asia Pacific Region.Asia Pac J Public Health,23,246-63.
  26. Fukuda-Parr, S.(2012).United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Working Paper 2012 (117)United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Working Paper 2012 (117),未出版
  27. Fukuda-Parr, S.(2011).Theory and policy in international development: human development and capability approach and the Millennium Development Goals.Int Stud Rev,13,122-32.
  28. Griggs, D,Stafford-Smith, M,Gaffney, O(2013).Policy: sustainable development goals for people and planet.Nature,495,305-7.
  29. Hulme, D.(2009).Brooks World Poverty Institute Working Paper No. 100Brooks World Poverty Institute Working Paper No. 100,未出版
  30. Hulme, D,Scott, J.(2010).The political economy of the MDGs: retrospect and prospect for the world's biggest promise.New Polit Econ,15,293-306.
  31. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation(2011).Financing Global Health 2011: Continued Growth as MDG Deadline Approaches.Seattle:Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.
  32. Koehler, G,Gasper, D,Jolly, R,Simane, M..,未出版
  33. Lozano, R,Wang, H,Foreman, KJ(2011).Progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 on maternal and child mortality: an updated systematic analysis.Lancet,378,1139-65.
  34. Manning, R.(2010).The impact and design of the MDGs: some reflections.IDS Bulletin,41,7-14.
  35. Marmot, M,Friel, S,Bell, R,Houweling, TA,Taylor, S.(2008).Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health.Lancet,372,1661-9.
  36. Maxwell, S.(2003).Heaven or hubris: reflections on the new 'New Poverty Agenda'.Dev Pol Rev,21,5-25.
  37. McManus, J..,未出版
  38. Melamed, C..,未出版
  39. OECD Development Assistance Committee(1996).Shaping the 21st Century: The Contribution of Development Cooperation.Paris:OECD/DAC.
  40. Sachs, JD.(2004).Health in the developing world: achieving the Millennium Development Goals.Bull World Health Organ,82,947-52.
  41. Sachs, JD.(2012).From millennium development goals to sustainable development goals.Lancet,379,2206-11.
  42. Sachs, JD,McArthur, JW.(2005).The Millennium Project: a plan for meeting the Millennium Development Goals.Lancet,365,347-53.
  43. Sumner, A,Lawo, T,Jordhus-Lier, D,Verbeke, K,Waeterloos, E,Page, RT..,未出版
  44. Sumner, A,Melamed, C.(2010).Introduction - The MDGs and beyond: pro-poor policy in a changing world.IDS Bulletin,41,1-6.
  45. Sumner, A,Tiwari, M.(2010).Global poverty reduction to 2015 and beyond: what has been the impact of the MDGs and what are the options for a post-2015 global framework?.IDS Working Papers,348,i-ii.
  46. Sumner, A,Tiwari, M.(2009).After 2015: what are the ingredients of an 'MDG-PLUS' agenda for poverty reduction?.J Int Dev,21,834-43.
  47. Travis, P,Bennett, S,Haines, A(2010).Overcoming health-systems constraints to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.Lancet,364,900-6.
  48. Uited Nations(2012).The Millennium Development Goals Report 2012.New York:United Nations.
  49. Uited Nations(2013).The Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development AgendaThe Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda,New York:United Nations.
  50. Uited Nations(2013).The Millennium Development Goals Report 2013.New York:United Nations.
  51. Uited Nations(2003).Indicators for Monitoring the Millennium Development Goals: Definitions, Rationale, Concepts and Sources.New York:United Nations.
  52. United Nations(2000).United Nations Millennium Declaration,New York:
  53. United Nations(2001).,New York:United Nations.
  54. United Nations Children's Fund=UNICEF(2013).Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed, Progress Report 2013.New York:United Nations Children's Fund.
  55. United Nations Development Programme(1990).Human Development Report 1990.New York:Oxford University Press.
  56. Urban, F.(2010).The MDGs and beyond: can low carbon development be pro-poor?.IDS Bulletin,41,92-9.
  57. van Lerberghe, W(ed.)(2008).,Geneva:WHO.
  58. Vandemoortele, J,Delamonica, E.(2010).Taking the MDGs beyond 2015: hasten slowly.IDS Bulletin,41,60-9.
  59. Waage, J,Banerji, R,Campbell, O(2010).The Millennium Development Goals: a cross-sectoral analysis and principles for goal setting after 2015 Lancet and London International Development Centre Commission.Lancet,376,991-1023.
  60. Whitehead, M.(1992).The concepts and principles of equity and health.Int J Health Serv,22,429-45.
  61. WHO(2005).Health and the Millennium Development Goals.Geneva:WHO.
  62. World Health Organization Maximizing Positive Synergies Collaborative Group,Samb, B,Evans, T(2009).An assessment of interactions between global health initiatives and country health systems.Lancet,373,2137-69.
  63. 中華民國外交部。,未出版
  64. 中華民國外交部(2009)。援外政策白皮書。台北=Taipei:中華民國外交部=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan)。
  65. 中華民國外交部。,未出版
  66. 沈彥伶、王瑜君、蘇千田(2012)。台灣的大學生國際化認知研究。2012台灣公共衛生學會聯合年會，台中=Taichung:
  67. 林德昌(2006)。聯合國千禧年宣言與千禧年發展目標—世紀之交的困境與挑戰。台北=Taipei:經濟部中小企業處=Small and Medium Enterprise Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. (Taiwan)。
  68. 孫樹根、劉俊賢(2006)。從台灣城鄉嬰幼兒死亡率差異探討社會不公平問題。農業推廣學報，21，33-58。
  69. 財團法人國際合作發展基金會。財團法人國際合作發展基金會2012年報。
  70. 黃彥芳、黃逸芯、潘力誠(2005)。台灣2003年底15-49歲愛滋病毒感染估計盛行率。台灣醫學，9，713-21。
  71. 衛生福利部疾病管制署(2012)。台灣結核病防治年報2012。台北=Taipei:衛生福利部疾病管制署=Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, R.O.C. (Taiwan)。
  72. 衛生福利部國民健康署。國民健康署2012年報。
被引用次数
  1. 曾育慧、江東亮(2017)。全球發展新紀元：從千禧年發展目標到永續發展目標。臺灣公共衛生雜誌，36(1)，1-5。
  2. 周融駿,李美芬,何立智,江彥政(2023)。景觀教育的挑戰與契機－景觀教育與SDGs。造園季刊，98，41-56。
print cancel