空氣手槍選手瞄準及心跳率變化與射擊表現之關係

The Relationships between Aiming, Heart Rate Change and Shooting Performance in air Pistol Athletes

10.3966/102472972015034801007

蔡佳惠(Chia-Hui Tsai)；季力康(Li-Kang Chi)

視覺能力 ； 視力回收圖像 ； 刺激涉入－拒絕假說 ； visual ability ； sight pictures ； stimuli intake-rejection

體育學報

48卷1期（2015 / 03 / 01）

93 - 103

繁體中文

緒論：瞄準的精準度與視力回收息息相關，瞄準時須將注意力引導至外在的目標上，根據涉入－拒絕假說，此時心跳率將產生變化，因此，本文欲探討空氣手槍選手瞄準時不同的視力回收圖像、心跳率變化與射擊表現之關係。方法：招募五名中央警察大學射擊代表隊選手各射擊20發子彈，射擊時以POLAR錶紀錄選手的心跳率變化。每射擊一發子彈後實驗者詢問射擊選手擊發瞬間的視力回收圖像，並填寫視力回收圖像問卷，問卷包括圖像A－視覺焦點在靶紙上、圖像B－視覺焦點在準星照門上，以及圖像C－視覺焦點在靶紙以及準星照門上等三種視力回收圖像。結果：卡方考驗結果顯示不同視力回收圖像與心跳率變化間沒有關係（χ^2=.15,p ＞ .05）。二因子變異數分析結果顯示不同視力回收圖像在射擊成績有差異，射擊圖像為B的射擊表現（M=9.40分）顯著優於視力回收圖像為C的射擊表現（M=9.09分）。此外，不同心跳率變化在射擊表現上沒有顯著差異；不同視力回收圖像及不同心跳率變化在射擊表現上也沒有交互作用。結論：當選手運用視力回收圖像B的射擊表現優於視力回收圖像C，亦即，當選手在擊發瞬間將視覺焦點僅放在準星照門上時，其射擊表現會優於將視覺焦點分散在靶紙與準星照門兩者上的射擊表現。依據結果，本研究建議在射擊基礎訓練時透過視力回收圖像問卷建立瞄準概念，引導射擊運動員將視覺焦點放在準星照門上，可能有助於提升射擊表現。

Introduction: The accuracy of aiming is related to sight picture. According to stimuli in take-rejection hypothesis, shooter's heart rate could change when aiming. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between sight pictures, heart rate (HR) change when aiming and shooting performance in air pistol athletes. Method: Five shooters from Central Police University were recruited in this study. Each shooter took 20 shots. The collected date were HR, sight pictures and scores. HR was recorded by a Polar watch during shooting. After each shooter fired a single shot, researcher asked him/her the sight pictures at the moment of shooting and filled out the sight picture questionnaire. The sight picture questionnaire includes three kinds of sight pictures: sight pacture A (focusing on the target), sight picture B (focusing on the front sight and rear sight) and sight picture C (focusing on the target, front sight and rear sight). Results: Chi-square analysis indicated that there was no association between sight pictures and HR change (χ²=.15, p ＞ .05). Two-way ANOVA indicated that HR change had no significant effects on shooting performance, and the interaction between HR change and sight pictures on shooting performance was not noticed. However, there were significant differences on scores betwen different sight pictures. When shooters used sight picture B (M=9.40), scored higher than using sight picture C (M=9.09). Conclusion: This study showed that when shooters used sight picture B during aiming, shooting performance was better than sight pictures C. Specifically, shooters performed better when they focused on the front sight and rear sight of the gun than on both of the target and the sight of the gun. It is suggested that if coaches use sight picture questionnaire for establishing the conception of aiming and instruct shooters to focus on front sight and rear sight during basic air-pistol training, it could improve the shooting performance.

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