「世界廚房」的美食外交：海外泰國餐館扮演的重要角色

The Gastrodiplomacy of Thai "Kitchen of the World": An Analysis of Overseas Thai Restaurants Playing Key Role

10.6267/JTLS.202308_29(2).0004

洪柏智(Po-Chih Hung)；郭欣易(Hsin-Yi Kuo)

泰國 ； 東南亞 ； 世界廚房 ； 美食外交 ； 海外泰國餐館 ； Thailand ； Southeast Asia ； Kitchen of the World ； Gastrodiplomacy ； Overseas Thai Restaurant

觀光休閒學報

29卷2期（2023 / 08 / 01）

233 - 259

繁體中文;英文

泰國有許多享譽國際之名，如微笑國度、世界廚房等。2021年，CNN評論世界五十大美食，泰國瑪莎曼咖哩問鼎世界之最，世界廚房成為討論焦點。回顧泰國近二十年的國家戰略發展，從全球泰國、五大具競爭力產業、六大中心等國家重要戰略皆有「世界廚房」，即使有過數年的忽視階段，但2018年又再度重啟，可知該政策之重要性。然而，世界廚房所代表的不只是美食、農業或糧食，更是一種「美食外交」，其影響範疇涵蓋國族認同（政治面）、文化適應（社會面）、在地觀光（經濟面）等。有鑒於此，本研究試圖探討泰國如何透過政經互動而邁向世界廚房之路，並以政治、經濟與社會三層面進行討論；此外，有別於一般軟實力研究，本研究聚焦於「海外泰國餐館」在世界廚房發展所扮演的關鍵角色。最後，本研究發現，海外泰國餐館在泰國政府的國家政策推動下，肩負著泰國美食外交、文化推廣、觀光推動、刺激出口等多項重要的國家級任務，最終成功促使泰國逐步邁向「世界廚房」。而本研究認為，泰國世界廚房的推動模式包括角色設定、國家品牌建立、賦予海外泰國餐館任務、推動餐廳評鑑標章制度、政府持續透過政策提升海外泰國餐館的質與量等，皆是環環相扣，可以做為各國美食外交政策推動之典範；另美食外交的研究範疇，亦可擴展至更多國家的個案分析，做為後續研究方向。

Thailand has many internationally renowned names, such as the "land of smiles" and the "kitchen of the world." In 2021, CNN listed the top 50 global delicacies, including Thailand's massaman curry, and thus Thailand as the kitchen of the world became a focus of discussion. Reflecting on Thailand's national strategic development over the past two decades, identifying as the "kitchen of the world" has been an important national strategy across the five major competitive industries and the six major centers. After several years of neglect, this strategy was restarted again in 2018. The importance of this policy is clear; however, what the kitchen of the world represents is not only food and agriculture but also a kind of "gastrodiplomacy." Its scope of influence covers national identity (the political aspect), cultural acculturation (the social aspect), local tourism (the economic aspect), etc. In view of this, this study attempts to explore how Thailand can become the kitchen of the world through political and economic interactions, discussed from three dimensions: politics, economy, and society. Besides, different from general soft power research, this research focuses on the key roles played by "overseas Thai restaurants" in developing the kitchen of the world. Finally, this study found that overseas Thai restaurants, under the Thai government's national policies, shouldered important national tasks such as gastrodiplomacy, cultural promotion, tourism promotion, and export stimulation, successfully supporting Thailand in gradually moving towards becoming the kitchen of the world. This study believes that the promotional model of Thailand's kitchen of the world can be used as a regime for gastrodiplomacy for other countries, including setting roles, building a national brand, giving overseas Thai restaurants missions, promoting Thai SELECT institutions, and increasing quality and quantity of overseas Thai restaurants through policies. In addition, the research scope of gastrodiplomacy can be extended to the case studies of other countries as a follow-up research direction.

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