印象管理動機與組織公民行為之關係：政治技能之調節角色

The Relationship between Impression Management Motive and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Moderating Role of Political Skill

10.6147/JHRM.2017.1702.03

李旭梅(Hsu-Mei Lee)

印象管理動機 ； 政治技能 ； 組織公民行為 ； impression management motive ； political skill ； organizational citizenship behavior

人力資源管理學報

17卷2期（2017 / 06 / 01）

55 - 71

繁體中文

Rioux與Penner（2001）將組織公民行為的動機分為：利社會價值動機、組織關懷動機與印象管理動機。印象管理動機對組織公民行為的影響關係，現有的研究結果呈現不一致性。故本研究援引社會影響理論中的政治技能，探究其在印象管理動機與組織公民行為之間扮演的調節角色。研究資料來自8間公司的258套問卷（部屬與主管配對）。研究結果發現個體的印象管理動機對主管評價其組織公民行為有正向影響。政治技能強化了印象管理動機與主管評價其組織公民行為的正向關聯。當個體的政治技能愈佳時，印象管理動機與主管評價的組織公民行為的正向關係將愈強。針對以上結果，本研究提出相關的理論與實務意涵。

Rioux & Penner (2001) identified three motives of organizational citizenship behavior: prosocial values motives, organizational concern motives, and impression management motives. The findings of studies on the relationship between impression management motive and organizational citizenship behavior are inconsistent. Therefore, this study examined the moderating role of political skill which from social influence theory in the relationship between impression management motive and organizational citizenship behavior. Data were collected from 258 subordinates and 258 supervisors of 8 companies in Taiwan. The results showed that the impression management motive had positively related to organizational citizenship behavior. Also, we found the positive interactions between impression management motives and political skill as the predictor of organizational citizenship behavior. In details, the higher degree of political skill, the stronger relationship between impression management motive and organizational citizenship behavior. Based on the results, theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

1. 林鉦棽(2007)。跨層次觀點下印象管理動機與主管導向之組織公民行為的關係：社會互動與組織政治氣候的調節角色。管理學報，24，93-111。
   連結：
2. 林鉦棽、陳心怡(2006)。組織公正對動機與信任及組織公民行為之影響。亞太經濟管理評論，9(2)，23-41。
   連結：
3. 林鉦棽、黃紹慶、賴鳳儀、潘蕙韶、鍾潤富(2011)。組織公民行為與工作家庭衝突之關聯分析：好士兵症候群？。管理學報，28，31-47。
   連結：
4. 陳建丞、蔡維奇(2005)。面談前印象對面試官評量效應之探討：以面談結構性為干擾變數。台大管理論叢，16(1)，155-170。
   連結：
5. 彭台光、高月慈、林鉦棽(2006)。管理研究中的共同方法變異：問題本質、影響、測試和補救。管理學報，23，77-98。
   連結：
6. 曾家文、姜定宇(2012)。員工動機與政治技能行為：報之調節效果。應用心理研究，53，153-213。
   連結：
7. 蔡啟通(2007)。互動正義與組織承諾、組織公民行為：角色壓力之中介效果及領導行為之干擾效果。管理學報，24，253-276。
   連結：
8. Ahearn, K. K.,Ferris, G. R.,Hochwarter, W. A.,Douglas, C.,Ammeter, A. P.(2004).Leader political skill and team performance.Journal of Management,30,309-327.
9. Avey, J. B.,Luthans, F.,Smith, R. M.,Palmer, N. F.(2010).Impact of positive psychological capital on employee well-being over time.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,15,17-28.
10. Bagozzi, R. P.,Yi, Y.(1988).On the evaluation of structure equations models.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,16,74-94.
11. Bolino, M. C.(1999).Citizenship and impression management: Good soldiers or good actors?.Academy of Management Review,24,82-98.
12. Bolino, M. C.,Turnley, W. H.(2005).The personal costs of citizenship behavior: The relationship between individual initiative and role overload, job stress, and work-family conflict.The Journal of Applied Psychology,90,740-748.
13. Bolino, M. C.,Turnley, W. H.,Niehoff, B. P.(2004).The other side of the story: Reexamining prevailing assumptions about organizational citizenship behavior.Human Resource Management Review,14,229-246.
14. Bourdage, J. S.,Lee, K.,Lee, J. H.,Shin, K. H.(2012).Motives for organizational citizenship behavior: Personality correlates and coworker ratings of OCB.Human Performance,25,179-200.
15. Cheung, M.,Peng, K. Z.,Wong, C. S.(2014).Supervisor attribution of subordinates' organizational citizenship behavior motives.Journal of Managerial Psychology,29,922-937.
16. Choi, B. K.,Moon, H. K.,Chun, J. U.(2015).Impression management motive and voice: Moderating effects of self-monitoring, self-efficacy, and voice instrumentality.Asian Journal of Social Psychology,18,225-235.
17. Clary, E. G.,Snyder, M.(1999).The motivations to volunteer: Theoretical and practical considerations.Current Directions in Psychological Science,8,156-159.
18. Crant, J. M.(1996).Doing more harm than good: When is impression management likely to evoke a negative response?.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,26,1454-1471.
19. Dalal, R. S.(2005).A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior.The Journal of Applied Psychology,90,1241-1255.
20. Davis, M. H.(1983).Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,44,113-126.
21. Eatough, E. M.,Chang, C. H.,Miloslavic, S. A.,Johnson, R. E.(2011).Relationships of role stressors with organizational citizenship behavior: A meta-analysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,96,619-632.
22. Farh, J. L. L.,Earley, P. C.,Lin, S. C.(1997).Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society.Administrative Science Quarterly,42,421-444.
23. Ferris, G. R.,Davidson, S. L.,Perrewé, P. L.(2005).Political skill at work: Impact on work effectiveness.Mountain View, CA:Davies-Black.
24. Ferris, G. R.,Perrewé, P. L.,Anthony, W. P.,Gilmore, D. C.(2000).Political skill at work.Organizational Dynamics,28,25-37.
25. Ferris, G. R.,Treadway, D. C.,Kolodinsky, R. W.,Hochwarter, W. A.,Kacmar, C. J.,Dougla, C.,Frink, D. D.(2005).Development and validation of the political skill inventory.Journal of Management,31,126-152.
26. Finkelstein, M. A.(2006).Dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior: Motives, motive fulfillment, and role identity.Social Behavior and Personality,34,603-616.
27. Finkelstein, M. A.,Penner, L. A.(2004).Predicting organizational citizenship behavior: Integrating the functional and role identity approaches.Social Behavior and Personality,32,383-398.
28. Fornell, C. R.,Larcker, F. F.(1981).Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics.Journal of Marketing Research,18,382-388.
29. George, J. M.,Brief, A. P.(1992).Feeling good-doing good: A conceptual analysis of the mood at workorganizational spontaneity relationship.Psychological Bulletin,112,310-329.
30. Giacalone, R. A.(Ed.),Rosenfeld, P.(Ed.)(1989).Impression management in the organization.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum.
31. Granovetter, M.(1985).Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness.American Journal of Sociology,91,481-510.
32. Halbesleben, J.,Bowler, W. M.,Bolino, M. C.,Turnley, W. H.(2010).Organizational concern, prosocial values, or impression management? How supervisors attribute motives to organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,40,1450-1489.
33. Harris, K. J.,Kacmar, K. M.,Zivnuska, S.,Shaw, J. D.(2007).The impact of political skill on impression management effectiveness.Journal of Applied Psychology,92,278-285.
34. Hui, C.,Lam, S. S. K.,Law, K. S.(2000).Instrumental values of organizational citizenship behavior for promotion: A field quasi-experiment.The Journal of Applied Psychology,85,822-828.
35. Jaccard, J.,Turrisi, R.,Wan, C.(1990).Interaction effects in multiple regression.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
36. Katz, D.(1964).The Motivational basis of organizational behavior.Behavioral Science,9,131-146.
37. Kim, Y. J.,Dyne, L. V.,Kamdar, D.,Johnson, R. E.(2013).Why and when do motives matter? An integrative model of motives, role cognitions, and social support as predictors of OCB.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,121,231-245.
38. Leary, M. R.(1995).Self-presentation: Impression management and interpersonal behavior.Madison, WI:Brown & Benchmark.
39. Leary, M. R.,Kowalski, R. M.(1990).Impression management: A literature review and two-component model.Psychological Bulletin,107,34-47.
40. Levy, D. A.,Collins, B. E.,Nail, P. R.(1998).A new model of interpersonal influence characteristics.Journal of Social Behavior and Personality,13,715-733.
41. Lovell, S. E.,Kahn, A. S.,Anton, J.,Davidson, A.,Dowling, E.,Post, D.,Mason, C.(1999).Does gender affect the link between organizational citizenship behavior and performance evaluation?.Sex Roles,41,469-478.
42. Mainiero, L. A.(1994).On breaking the glass ceiling: The political seasoning of powerful women executives.Organizational Dynamics,22,5-20.
43. Okurame, D.(2012).Impact of career growth prospects and formal mentoring on organisational citizenship behaviour.Leadership & Organization Development Journal,33,66-85.
44. Organ, D. W.(1997).Organizational citizenship behavior: It's construct clean-up time.Human Performance,10,85-97.
45. Organ, D. W.(1988).Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome.Lexington, MA:Lexington.
46. Organ, D. W.,Ryan, K.(1995).A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior.Personnel Psychology,48,775-802.
47. Penner, L. A.,Midili, A. R.,Kegelmeyer, J.(1997).Beyond job attitudes: A personality and social psychology perspective on the causes of organizational citizenship behavior.Human Performance,10,111-132.
48. Pfeffer, J.(1981).Power in organizations.Marshfield, MA:Pitman.
49. Podsakoff, N. P.,Whiting, S. W.,Podsakoff, P. M.,Blume, B. D.(2009).Individual- and organizationallevel consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,94,122-141.
50. Podsakoff, P. M.,Ahearne, M.,MacKenzie, S. B.(1997).Organizational citizenship. behavior and the quantity and quality of work group performance.The Journal of Applied. Psychology,82,262-270.
51. Podsakoff, P. M.,MacKenzie, S. B.(1997).Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestion for future research.Human Performance,10,133-151.
52. Podsakoff, P. M.,MacKenzie, S. B.,Lee, J. Y.,Podsakoff, N. P.(2003).Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of Applied Psychology,88,879-903.
53. Podsakoff, P. M.,MacKenzie, S. B.,Paine, J. B.,Bachrach, D. G.(2000).Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research.Journal of Management,26,513-563.
54. Rioux, S. M.,Penner, L. A.(2001).The causes of organizational citizenship behavior: A motivational analysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,86,1306-1314.
55. Schmitt, N.(Ed.),Borman, W. C.(Ed.)(1993).Personnel selection in organizations.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
56. Schnake, M.(1991).Organizational citizenship: A review, proposed model, and research agenda.Human Relations,44,735-759.
57. Smith, C. A.,Organ, D. W.,Near, J. P.(1983).Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents.Journal of Applied Psychology,68,653-663.
58. Tedeschi, J. T.,Melburg, V.(1984).Impression management and influence in the organization.Research in the sociology of organizations,Greenwich, CT:
59. Triandis, H. C.(Ed.),Berry, J. W.(Ed.)(1980).Handbook of cross-cultural psychology.Boston, MA:Allyn & Bacon.
60. Wagner, S. L.,Rush, M. C.(2000).Altruistic organizational citizenship behavior: Context, disposition, and age.The Journal of Social Psychology,140,379-391.
61. Walz, S. M.,Niehoff, B. P.(2000).Organizational citizenship behaviors: Their relationship to organizational effectiveness.Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research,24,301-319.
62. Watson, D.,Clark, L. A.,Tellegen, A.(1988).Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,54,1063-1070.
63. Williams, S.,Shiaw, W. T.(1999).Mood and organizational citizenship behavior: The effects of positive affect on employee organizational citizenship behavior intentions.The Journal of Psychology,133,656-668.
64. Yam, K. C.,Klotz, A. C.,He, W.,Reynolds, S. J.(2017).From good soldiers to psychologically entitled: Examining when and why citizenship behavior leads to deviance.Academy of Management Journal,60,373-396.
65. Yun, S.,Takeuchi, R.,Liu, W.(2007).Employee self-enhancement motives and job performance behaviors: Investigating the moderating effects of employee role ambiguity and managerial perceptions of employee commitment.Journal of Applied Psychology,92,745-756.