魚與熊掌：新移民婦女的社會資本分析

At the Intersection of Gender and Ethnic: Analyzing Immigrant Wives' Social Capital

10.6785/SPSW.200912.0001

許雅惠(Yea-Huey Sheu)

新移民婦女 ； 社會資本 ； 社會網絡 ； 信任 ； 性別權力 ； female immigrant ； social capital ； social networks ； trust ； gendered power

社會政策與社會工作學刊

13卷2期（2009 / 12 / 01）

1 - 54

繁體中文

移民研究認爲，移民者的原生社會網絡與移居社會後的網絡變化決定了社會資本的取得，而社會資本取得往往又成爲移民生活適應的關鍵。本研究以深度訪談23位原籍印尼與越南之新移民女性資料爲本，藉由理解她們與原生家庭、同鄉社群、職場就業與鄰里社區等社會網絡經驗，勾勒新移民婦女在台灣的社會資本圖像。研究發現，新移民婦女因爲其婚姻特殊性而不被信任，迫使其與原生家庭、同鄉社群關係產生斷裂，並藉此取得移入社會與婚配對象的「信任」，常有「魚與熊掌，不可得兼」之困境。然而，藉由投入就業，擴大社會網絡，加強弱連結，她們多能成功地汲取更多社會與經濟資本。在此一過程，新移民婦女人力資本、經濟資本與社會資本可以起相互幫襯作用。作者認爲，新移民婦女在跨國婚姻關係中的族群與性別弱勢處境，固然是一雙重姻綁與壓迫來源，但如能協助婦女取得關鍵的就業身分與弱連結機會，排除其因移民之缺乏文化資本與家庭主婦之缺乏貫連式社會資本等障礙，將會是一有效的充權策略。

Social capital, as the connection among individuals, especially in terms of social network, trust and reciprocity. has been identified to be an important resource for immigrants to access resources, develop a sense of belonging and take advantage of early experience and information. This study aims to explore social capital among women who migrates from South-East Asian, mainly Vietnam and Indonesia, through the pathway of international marriage with Taiwanese men. To what extent of trust, reciprocity and social support that women gain from coethnics. coworkers. neighbors and family-in-law are examined particularly. The results show that immigrant wives have calculatedly avoided to contact and spend time with coethnic counterparts in order to earn 'trust' from family-in-law to secure their marriage. Consequently, immigrant women develop reciprocal relationship with coethnics at a minimal level and solely depend on their husband to provide support, such as finance, housework and child care. Those who receive more information from neighbors, coworkers, and coethnics seem to have more positive, confident attitudes about future lives. This paper concludes that 'trust' is the gateway to social capital for immigrant wives and social capital is not only context-tied but also gendered.

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