固定式節奏訓練對射箭表現之影響

Effect of Fixed Tempo Training on Archery Performance

10.6162/SRR.202306_(164).0003

王建畯(Chien-Chun Wang)；江品緣(Pin-Yuan Chiang)；吳治翰(Chih-Han Wu)；林智偉(Chih-Wei Lin)

瞄準時間 ； 運動表現 ； 動作學習 ； aiming time ； athletic performance ； motor learning

大專體育

164期（2023 / 06 / 01）

25 - 35

繁體中文;英文

射箭選手的一致性、穩定性、瞄準時間均會影響運動表現，選手必須透過專業訓練，提升技術水準，可知「動作學習」對於選手的重要性。由於2021年國際射箭總會將射箭時間40秒縮短為30秒，因此，本研究融入影響射箭表現之要素，設計「固定式節奏訓練」，目的在探討固定式節奏訓練對瞄準時間與射箭表現之影響。研究招募10位大專射箭選手（實驗組5名、控制組5名），實驗組介入8週固定式節奏課程，控制組則維持例行性訓練。本研究蒐集前測、中測、後測、保留測之瞄準時間與射箭表現數據。結果顯示：1.瞄準時間與射箭表現呈現顯著負相關。2.實驗組之高分族群於前測、保留測之瞄準時間顯著快於低分族群，控制組於各時間點之高分族群瞄準時間顯著快於低分族群。3.實驗組之射箭表現顯著優於控制組，且進一步發現實驗組於中、後、保留測之射箭表現顯著優於控制組，而於實驗組中，後測顯著優於前測。另於瞄準時間上發現，實驗組之後測瞄準時間快於前測、中測、保留測，而保留測顯著快於前測。本研究結論認為固定式節奏訓練介入後，實驗組之射箭表現顯著提升，可能與降低瞄準時間有關，意即透過「動作學習」課程介入，可成為協助選手提升表現的方式之一。

Since the consistency, stability, and aiming time of archers will all affect their athletic performance, they must undergo professional training to improve their shooting technique. In this respect, motor learning is important. The International Archery Federation shortened the shooting time from 40 seconds to 30 in 2021; therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of fixed tempo training on aiming time and archery performance. This study recruited 10 college archers, separated into two groups of five (experimental and control group). The experimental group undertook an 8-week fixed tempo course. The control group maintained routine training. Aiming time and archery performance data were collected from pre-test, mid-test, post-test, and follow-up results. The results showed that: (1) There was a significant negative correlation between aiming time and archery performance. (2) The aiming time of the high-scoring archers in the experimental group was significantly faster than that of the low-scoring ones in the pretest and follow-up; for the control group, the aiming time of the high-scoring archers was significantly faster than that of the low-scoring ones at each time point. (3) The archery performance of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group in the mid-test, post-test, and follow-up test. In the experimental group, the post-test was significantly better than the pre-test. In addition, it was found that the aiming time of the post-test in the experimental group was faster than that of the pre-test, mid-test, and follow-up test. The follow-up test was significantly faster than the pretest. We conclude that the significant improvement in archery performance in the experimental group after the intervention of fixed rhythm training may be related to the reduction of aiming time, which means that intervention through motor learning courses can be one of the ways to help archers improve their performance.

1. 李佳倫, C.-L.,石罕池, H.-C.(2013)。優秀射箭選手於競賽中之瞄準時間與射箭成績的關係。文化體育學刊，16，31-41。
   連結：
2. 林合營, H.-Y,邱文信, W.-H.(2006)。射箭技術關鍵因素分析探討。大專體育，83，178-183。
   連結：
3. 林柏毅, P.-Y.,黃勝宏, S.-H.,林韋儒, W.-J.,黃崇儒, C.-J.,洪聰敏, T.-M.(2009)。心跳生物回饋訓練對射箭選手心跳減速與運動表現的影響。臺灣運動心理學報，15，27-39。
   連結：
4. 林國斌, K.-B.(2005)。優秀射箭選手瞄射時間與箭著位置之探討。大專體育學刊，7(1)，235-245。
   連結：
5. 林國斌, K.-B.,陳詩園, S.-Y.,黃啟光, C.-K.(2005)。世界級男子射箭選手瞄準特性之個案研究。大專體育學刊，7(2)，201-213。
   連結：
6. 陳冠旭, K.-H.,劉從國, T.-K.(2004)。心智訓練對射箭選手之心理特質及運動表現影響之研究。輔仁大學體育學刊，3，117-133。
   連結：
7. 陳泰廷, T.-T.,蔡侑蓉, Y.-J.,黃崇儒, C.-J.,洪聰敏, T.-M.(2012)。提昇高爾夫推桿表現應具備的心生理與心理特質。臺灣運動心理學報，12(1)，39-70。
   連結：
8. 游鳳芸, F.-Y.,吳蕙如, H.-J.(2021)。射箭技術診斷與修正實務個案研究。臺灣體育學術研究，70，19-30。
   連結：
9. Bu, D.,Liu, J. D.,Zhang, C.-Q.,Si, G.,Chung, P.-K.(2019).Mindfulness training improves relaxation and attention in elite shooting athletes: A single-case study.International Journal of Sport Psychology,50(1),4-25.
10. Chung, C. H.(1997).Psychological preparation for the best performance.Journal of Korean Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance,68,4-9.
11. Cohen, J.(1988).Statistics power analysis for behavioral sciences.Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.
12. Ergen, E.,Hazir, T.,Celebi, M.,Kin-Isler, A.,Aritan, S.,Yaylıoglu, V. D.,Guner, R.,Acikada, C.,Cinemre, A.(2021).Effects of beta-blockers on archery performance, body sway and aiming behaviour.BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine,7(2),e001071.
13. Kolayiş, İ. E.,Mimaroğlu, E.(2008).The effects of heart rate and aiming time on performance in Turkish national archery team.Journal of Human Sciences,5(1)
14. Koo, T. K.,Li, M. Y.(2016).A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research.Journal of Chiropractic Medicine,15(2),155-163.
15. Landers, D. M.,Han, M.,Salazar, W.,Petruzzello, S. J.(1994).Effects of learning on electroencephalographic and electrocardiographic patterns in novice archers.International Journal of Sport Psychology,25(3),313-330.
16. Lu, Q.,Li, P.,Wu, Q.,Liu, X.,Wu, Y.(2021).Efficiency and enhancement in attention networks of elite shooting and archery athletes.Frontiers in Psychology,12,638822.
17. Musa, R. M.,Abdullah, M. R.,Juahir, H.,Maliki, A. B. H. M.,Mat-Rasid, S. M.,Kosni, N. A.,Adnan, A.,Alias, N.,Eswaramoorthi, V.(2018).A multidimensional analysis of physiological and mechanical variables among archers of different levels of expertise.Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences,10(1S),18-32.
18. Paillard, T.(2019).Relationship between sport expertise and postural skills.Frontiers in Psychology,10,1428.
19. Park, Y. M.,Kim, H. B.,Kim, H. G.,Lim, H. S.,Ji, J. C.(2013).A case study of training for university freshman golfers through sport counselling.The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine,11,85-99.
20. Salazar, W.,Landers, D. M.,Petruzzello, S. J.,Han, M.,Crews, D. J.,Kubitz, K. A.(1990).Hemispheric asymmetry, cardiac response, and performance in elite archers.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,61(4),351-359.
21. Savvides, A.,Giannaki, C. D.,Vlahoyiannis, A.,Stavrinou, P. S.,Aphamis, G.(2020).Effects of dehydration on archery performance, subjective feelings and heart rate during a competition simulation.Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology,5(3),67.
22. 江品緣, P.-Y.(2022)。輔仁大學=Fu Jen Catholic University。
23. 林芳瑜, F.-Y.,黃英哲, Y.-C.(2019)。例行性動作課程對射箭表現之影響。屏東科大體育學刊，10，1-9。
24. 武文強, W.,蔡勇, Y.,毛松華, S.,周財亮, C.,武薇, W.(2019)。優秀射箭運動員射箭動作節奏與成績的關係研究。西安體育學院學報，36(2)，241-245。
25. 陳廷國, T.-G.(1992)。左訓中心射箭培訓隊運動科學研究—從定弓到放箭。體育學報，14，423-445。
26. 程茂森, M.-S.(2018)。國立臺灣師範大學=National Taiwan Normal University。
27. 盧俊宏, J.-H.(2021)。,教育部=Ministration of Education。