三級棒球投手投擲不同重量棒球對握力、指力與球速的影響

Effect of Pitching Different Weighted Baseballs on Grip Force, Finger Force, and Ball Velocity Among Different Levels Pitchers

10.5297/ser.202009_22(3).0004

龔榮堂(Jung-Tang Kung)；林衛宣(Wei-Shuan Lin)；陳正博(Cheng-Po Chen)；陳書瑋(Shu-Wei Chen)

球速訓練 ； 重球與輕球 ； 少棒 ； 青少棒 ； 青棒 ； pitching-velocity training ； weighted and underweight ball ； U12 ； U15 ； U18

大專體育學刊

22卷3期（2020 / 09 / 30）

234 - 246

繁體中文;英文

本研究目的在比較三級棒球投手投擲不同重量棒球之握力、指力與球速之影響，以探討利用不同重量棒球進行球速訓練的可行性。以三級棒球投手36人（少棒組、青少棒組、青棒組各12人）為研究對象，測量其慣用手的握力與食指、中指之指力，及投擲不同重量棒球（範圍：60～170g）時的球速，並分別三個層級投手的握力、指力及球速的差異，與投擲不同重量棒球時，其球速與投擲標準棒球時的差異。本研究結果顯示：三級棒球投手之握力隨著層級而進步，但指力並未提升；三級棒球投手投擲越重的球之初速越慢，反之越輕的球之初速越快；少棒組投手受限於其握力、指力及技巧因素，投擲任何球重的尾速均無顯著差異，而青少棒與青棒組則呈現投擲越輕球的初速越快但尾速越慢的現象；三級棒球投手投擲重球的速差較小，輕球的速差較大。本研究結論：利用重球進行投球訓練必須特別注意疲勞帶來的傷害風險，且不應使用超過170g的重球；在利用輕球進行投球訓練時，少棒階段不應輕於80g，青少棒階段不應輕於100g，青少棒階段不應輕於110g，以免影響到手指的扣球動作。若能調整少棒用球的重量，可能讓球員有更好的球速發展，同時避免運動傷害。

The purpose of this study was to understand the status of grip and finger force of pitching arm, and to explore the feasibility of different weighted balls for pitching-velocity training among 3 levels (U12, U15, and U18) of young baseball pitchers. Thirty-six pitchers (12 pitchers from each level) were participated in this research. The grip force of pitching arm, finger force (included index and middle fingers) of pitching arm, and ball velocity (included initial velocity, final velocity, and velocity gap) were measured while pitching different weighted baseball (range: 60-170 g). The results showed that the grip force was greater with the level increased, but the finger force was not. The initial velocity of all levels was increased as the weight of the ball decreased. The final velocity of U12 pitchers was not increased due to the limitations of grip force, finger force, and pitching skill, but the final velocity was decreased as the weight of the ball decrease in U15 and U18 pitchers. The velocity gap while pitching the heaviest ball in all levels of pitchers was significantly less than that they pitched the standard-weighted ball, and the velocity gap started to significantly larger than that they pitched the standard-weighted ball when the ball lighter than 80 g (U12 pitchers), 100 g (U15 pitchers), and 110 g (U18 pitchers). We concluded that the injury risk due to fatigue should be noticed when training with weighted ball, and the ball weight that exceeds 170 g should not be used. The underweight ball should not be lighter than 80 g (in U12 level), 100 g (in U15 level), and 110 g (in U18 level) during training sessions, as these weights do not affect the finger movement. Reducing the weight of baseball in U12 level may results in improvement of ball velocity and reduces injury risk at the same time.

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