大學生「狀態寬恕量表」之發展及其對主觀幸福感與寬恕行為之預測

The Development of the State Forgiveness Scale for College Students and its Prediction of Subjective Well-being and Forgiveness Behavior

錢芷萍(Tzu-Ping Chien)；林烘煜(Hung-Yu Lin)

主觀幸福感 ； 狀態寬恕 ； 狀態寬恕量表 ； 態度 ； 寬恕行為 ； attitude ； forgiveness behavior ； state forgiveness ； state forgiveness scale ； subjective well-being

測驗學刊

69卷3期（2022 / 09 / 30）

197 - 236

繁體中文

寬恕被視為是個人面對人際傷害時正向且合宜的回應方式，對增進個人的主觀幸福感有很大關聯。有鑑於國內採用自陳量表來測量「狀態寬恕」的研究大多直接使用國外之量表，因此本研究擬發展一份「狀態寬恕量表」，用來測量國內大學生對特定真實傷害事件冒犯者的寬恕態度，並檢視此量表對主觀幸福感及寬恕行為之預測力。研究一以331份大學生有效樣本進行探索性因素分析，得到「報復」、「善意回應」和「躲避及傷害感受」共三個因素，且每一分量表均得到合宜的信度指標；而在控制傷害事件發生時間、傷害嚴重程度、社會期許、自尊、同理心等變項得分後，狀態寬恕可以正向地預測主觀幸福感。研究二另以200份大學生有效樣本進行驗證性因素分析，得到整體適配度理想且具有良好建構效度的結果；另外，在控制傷害事件發生時間、傷害嚴重程度、與冒犯者關係滿意度、社會期許、自尊、同理心等變項得分後，狀態寬恕仍然可以預測寬恕行為。綜而言之，本研究所編製之「狀態寬恕量表」具有理想的信、效度。此外，在量表發展過程中亦發現，國內大學生在遭受人際傷害後，對該冒犯者較不會有報復的傾向或動機，但對其有較多躲避之傾向及傷害之感受。本研究依據研究結果進行討論後，提出進一步之研究建議。

Forgiveness is regarded as a positive and appropriate way of responding to a person in the face of interpersonal offense, and it significantly correlates to the improvement of personal subjective well-being. Review of relevant studies found that previous domestic researches have mostly used foreign self-report scales to measure state forgiveness which might not fit for our college students. Two studies were conducted to develop a new state forgiveness scale by collecting data from domestic college students whom had been offended in a real event within two years. Exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 showed that three factors of ＂revenge＂, ＂benevolence response＂ and ＂avoidance and hurt feelings＂ were suggested by 331 valid college participants. Each subscale also obtained a suitable reliability index. Moreover, after controlling the scores of variables such as the time of the offense, the severity of the hurt, social desirability, personal self-esteem, and empathy, state forgiveness can still positively predict subjective well-being. In Study 2, another 200 college students' data were collected for a confirmatory factor analysis. Result indicated that a good overall model fit was showed and good construct validity was provided. After controlling the scores of relevant variables, the state forgiveness can still predict forgiveness behavior. To sum up, the state forgiveness scale compiled by this research provided good reliability and validity. In addition, this research found that domestic college students were less likely to revenge against the offender after interpersonal offense, but they tended to avoid them and feel hurt deeply. Contributions of this research and suggestions for future studies were also discussed.

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