Preceptors' Experiences Training New Graduate Nurses: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Approach

以詮釋現象學探討護理臨床教師訓練新畢業護理人員之經驗

10.1097/JNR.0b013e31821aa155

陳雅惠(Ya-Huei Chen)；杜異珍(Yih-Jen Duh)；馮延芬(Yen-Fen Feng)；黃玉苹(Yu-Ping Huang)

臨床指導教師 ； 新進護理人員 ； 經驗 ； 詮釋現象學 ； preceptor ； new nurses ； experience ； hermeneutic phenomenology

The Journal of Nursing Research

19卷2期（2011 / 06 / 01）

132 - 140

英文

背景　護理臨床教師對於新進護理人員的長期留任及工作滿意度有其關鍵性，因此對於探討護理臨床教師的經驗相當重要，然而，目前台灣卻缺乏探討護理臨床教師的研究。 目的　本研究目的在於探討護理臨床教師在醫院訓練新進畢業護理人員的經驗。 方法　本研究採詮釋現象學並以立意性取樣自台灣一所中部醫學中心募集15位臨床指導師，資料以半結構式的深度訪談作為資料收集，所有訪談皆錄音並轉寫成逐字稿，以詮釋循環為資料分析的方法。 結果　結果呈現三個主題：一、運用多元化的教學策略；二、感受身為臨床指導教師的負擔；及三、發展成就感。 結論／臨床應用　同時擔任護理臨床教師及護士的角色常會引起角色衝突感，也同時產生工作上的負荷及害怕無法勝任護理臨床教師的角色，因此當護理臨床教師訓練新進護理人員時，應降低其照護病人的人數。培養正向的工作氛圍可支持護理臨床教師及新進護理人員，因而護理臨床教師不會再覺得孤單及壓力。為減輕對文書工作的不熟悉感及額外過多文書工作的壓力，建議在正式訓練前，護理臨床教師及新進人員都應參與研討會，以便對其介紹整個訓練過程及文書作業的相關細節，進而對教與學產生整體的概念。

Background: Preceptors are a key to retaining new graduate nurses in a hospital setting. Thus, it is important to understand new staff teaching experiences from their own perspectives. Preceptor experience is an inadequately explored topic in Taiwan. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore preceptor experiences related to their training of new graduate nurses in a hospital setting in Taiwan. Methods: For this interpretive phenomenological study, researchers purposively recruited 15 nurse preceptors from a medical center in central Taiwan. Study data were collected by means of semistructured, in-depth interviews. Tape recordings were transcribed verbatim, and transcripts were analyzed using a hermeneutic circle approach. Results: Three general themes captured the new nurse training experiences of the preceptors: (a) applying a variety of teaching strategies, (b) feeling the burden of being a preceptor, and (c) developing a sense of achievement. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Being in the role of both a preceptor and nurse was perceived as a challenge by participants because of heavy workloads and fears of failure. Thus, reducing the preceptor's patient care responsibilities while educating new nurses should be a priority. This study also found cultivating a positive work climate as crucial to support preceptors and new nurses so that preceptors do not feel alienated or overly stressed. A workshop is a useful strategy to introduce preceptors and new nurses to standardized training procedures and documents; this, in turn, can provide a more holistic approach to teaching and learning and reduce pressures on preceptors caused by additional, unfamiliar paperwork.

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