Parenting Style of Women Who Conceived Using In Vitro Fertilization: A Meta-Analysis

使用試管嬰兒協助受孕之母親的教養形態：統合分析研究

10.1097/jnr.0000000000000025

王郁茗(Yu-Ming Wang)；徐畢卿(Bih-Ching Shu)；Susan Fetzer；張瑩如(Ying-Ju Chang)

教養型態 ； 教養行為 ； 試管嬰兒 ； 人工生殖技術 ； 統合分析 ； parenting style ； parenting behavior ； in vitro fertilization ； assisted reproduction technology ； meta-analysis

The Journal of Nursing Research

22卷2期（2014 / 06 / 01）

69 - 80

英文

背景　婦女心理健康有助於教養型態，但試管嬰兒是否影響婦女教養型態仍未知。目的　比較試管嬰兒協助受孕母親與自然懷孕母親教養型態之差異。方法　採統合分析，以教養、為人母、親子關係、養育、不孕、人工生殖技術、試管嬰兒、單一精子卵質內顯微注射為關鍵字，搜尋1978~2011年醫學、心理學、護理學文獻資料庫。選入標準為英文發表於同儕審查期刊、教養型態量化，可歸納為溫暖和控制、個案對照研究、可計算效果量。排除標準為以受贈精卵進行試管嬰兒、代理孕母、同性戀。14份研究符合標準，以The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale評價研究品質，統計方法為效果量與同質性檢定。結果　試管嬰兒協助受孕母親的控制教養行為高於自然懷孕母親（d = 0.148, p ＜ .01），溫暖、拒絕、尊重自主教養行為則無差異。結論／實務應用　本研究之試管嬰兒協助受孕母親的控制教養行為高於自然懷孕母親，此結果有助於醫療照護專業人員了解試管嬰兒協助受孕母親的教養型態，進一步發展介入方法，協助降低為人母焦慮及提升其心理健康。

Background: Research has shown that the mental health of women contributes to their parenting style. However, it remains unclear whether the experience of in vitro fertilization (IVF) affects parenting style. Purpose: This study was designed to assess whether there is a difference in parenting styles between women who conceived using IVF and those who conceived naturally. Methods: This meta-analysis searched three electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsychInfo, and CINAHL) for relevant articles published between 1978 and 2011. Key words used included parenting, mothering, parent-child relations, childrearing, infertility, assisted reproductive technique, IVF, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Study inclusion criteria were as follows: published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal, with the definition of parenting style categorized as one of two dimensions: warmth and control; quantification of the parenting behaviors; use of a case-controlled study design to compare IVF and natural conceptions; and reported data sufficient to calculate the effect sizes. Studies that included women who conceived using a donor egg or sperm for IVF and those that included women who were either surrogates or in homosexual relationships were excluded. Three hundred ninety studies were identified. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to appraise the quality of the data. Results: The IVF participants used significantly greater controlling parenting behaviors than their natural conception participant peers (d = 0.148, p ＜ .01). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of parenting behaviors related to warmth, rejection, or respect for autonomy. The homogeneity test for the effect size of warmth and controlling parenting behavior achieved significance. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Women who conceive using IVF have slightly but still significantly greater controlling parenting behaviors than women who conceive naturally. The results of this study may help professionals to better understand the parenting style of IVF women and develop appropriate interventions to reduce parenting anxiety and promote the mental health of IVF women.

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