道德成熟度、道德強度以及組織倫理氣候對員工個人倫理決策意向的影響之研究

The Impact of Moral Maturity, Perceived Moral Intensity, and Ethical Climates on Ethical Decision-making Intentions of Individual Employees

10.30104/CYMR.200806.0006

方妙玲(Miao-Ling Fang)

倫理決策意向 ； 道德成熟度 ； 道德強度知覺 ； 功利導向氣候知覺 ； Ethical decision-making intentions ； Moral maturity ； Perceived moral intensity ； Perceived egoistic climate

中原企管評論

6卷1期（2008 / 06 / 01）

127 - 152

繁體中文

本研究以國內企業員工爲研究對象，探討個人面臨道德困境時的倫理決策意向，研究架構以道德成熟度爲預測變項，其經由道德強度知覺影響倫理決策意向，而功利導向氣候知覺則爲情境變數，除此，也觀察人際關係親疏的影響。資料取得採問卷調查，有效樣本計690份，假設驗證主要以迴歸及ANOVA進行分析。研究發現：個人道德成熟度是經由道德強度知覺對倫理決策意向產生影響效果；在人際親疏關係爲疏遠的條件下，道德強度知覺對倫理決策意向具正向影響關係；道德強度知覺對倫理決策意向的影響，功利導向氣候知覺居情境作用，也會受到人際親疏關係的干擾。

This study is an attempt to better understand the considerations of ethical decision-making intentions of Taiwan employees when they are faced with ethical dilemmas. Results indicate that the relationship between moral maturity and decision intentions is mediated by perceived moral intensity, and that the relationship between perceived moral intensity and decision intentions is moderated by perceived egoistic climate. Using a survey methodology, this study design a decision-making scenario to explore factors influencing the ethical decisions in which workers may be asked to make. Data are collected from 690 workers and conduct Regression and ANOVA to test the hypotheses. Normative implications are discussed, as are implications for future theorizing, research and management practice.

1. 余坤東(2000)。資訊不對稱下研發人員工作倫理之探討。亞太管理評論，5(2)，237-250。
   連結：
2. Ajzen. I.(1991).The Theory of Planned Behavior.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,50,179-211.
3. Alam, K. F.(1999).Business Ethics in New Zealand Organisations: Views from the Middle and Lower Level Managers.Journal of Business Ethics,22,145-154.
4. An, Alan. K. M.,Danny S. N. Wong(2000).The Impact of Guanxi on the Ethical Decision-Making Process of Auditors-An Exploratory Study on Chinese in Hong Kong.Journal of Business Ethics,28,87-93.
5. Blake. R. B.,D. A. Carroll(1989).Ethical Reasoning in Business.Training & Development Journal,43,99-104.
6. Carlson, D. S.,K. M. Kacmar,L. L. Wadsworth(2002).The Impact of Moral intensity Dimensions on Ethical Decision Making: Assessing the Relevance of Orientation.Journal of Managerial Issues,XIV(1),15-30.
7. Carroll, A. B.(1989).Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management.Cincinnati:South Western.
8. Cottone, R. P.,R. E. Claus(2000).Ethical Decision-Making Models: A Review of the Literature.Journal of Counseling & Development,78,275-283.
9. Cropanzano, R.,B. Goldman,P.. Folger(2003).Deontic Justice: the Role of Moral Principles in Workplace Fairness.Journal of Organizational Behavior,24(8),1019-1024.
10. Cullen, J. B.,K. P. Parboteeah,B. Victor(2003).The Effects of Ethical Climates on Organizational Commitment: A Two-study Analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,46(2),127-141.
11. Devilt, R. M.,J. V. Hise(2002).Influences in Ethical Dilemmas of Increasing Intensity.Journal of Business Ethics,40,261-274.
12. Dunfee, T. W.,D. E Warren(2001).Is Guanxi Ethical? A Normative Analysis of Doing Business in China.Journal of Business Ethics,32,191-204.
13. Ferrell, O. C.,J. Fraedrich,L. Ferrell(2000).Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases.New York:Houghton Muffin Company.
14. Fishbein, M.,Ajzen, I.(1975).Belief, Attintde and Behavior: Introduction to the Theory and Research, Reading.MA:Addison-Wesley.
15. Flannery, B. L.,D. R. May(2000).Environmental Ethical Decision Making in the U.S. Metal-finishing Industry.Academy of Management Journal,43,642-662.
16. Fritzsche. David J.(2000).Ethical Climates and the Ethical Dimension of Decision Making.Journal of Business Ethics,24,125-140.
17. Gaudine, A.,L. Thorne(2001).Emotion and Ethical Decision-making in Oorganizations.Journal Business Ethics,31,175-187.
18. Gilligan, C.(1982).In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Womcn`s Development.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
19. Greenberg, J.(2002).Who Stole the Money, and When? Individual and Situational Determinants of Employee Theft.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,89,985-1003.
20. Jones, T M.(1991).Ethical Decision Making by Individuals in Organizations: An Issue-contingent Model.Academy of Management Review,16,366-395.
21. Kelley, P. C.,D. R. Elm(2003).The Effect of Context on Moral Intensity of Ethical Issues: Revising Jones`s Issue-contingent Model.Journal of Business Ethics,48(2),139-154.
22. Kini, R. B.,H. V. Ramakrishna,B. S. Vijayaraman(2004).Shaping of Moral Intensity Regarding Software Piracy: A Comparison between Thailand and U.S. Students.Journal of Business Ethics,49(1),91-104.
23. Kitchener K. S.(1984).Intuition, Critical Evaluation, and Ethical Principles: The Foundation for Ethical Decisions in Counseling Psychology.Counseling Psychologist,12,43-55.
24. Klenin, E. R.(1998).The One Necessary Condition for a Successful Business Ethics Course: The Teacher Must Be a Philosopher.Business Ethics Quarterly,8,561-574.
25. Kohlberg, L.(1984).The Psychology of Moral Development.S. F.:Harper and Row.
26. Kurland, N. B.(1995).Ethical Intentions and The Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,25,297-313.
27. Loch, K. D.,S. Conger(1996).Evaluating Ethical Decision Making and Computer Use.Communications of the ACM,39(7),74-83.
28. Ma, H. K.(1993).The Relation of Altruistic Orientation to Human Relationships and Situational Factors in Chinese Children.Journal of Genetic Psychology,154,85-96.
29. Morris, S. A.(1997).Internal Effects of Stakeholder Management Devices.Journal of Business Ethics,16,413-424.
30. Paradice, D. B.,R. M. Dejoie(1991).The Ethical-Making Processes of Information Systems Workers.Journal of Business Ethics,10,1-21.
31. Peterson. D. K.(2002).The Relationship between Unethical Behavior and The Dimensions of the Ethical Climate Questionnaire.Journal of Business Ethics,41(4),313-326.
32. Rest, J. R.(1979).Development in Judging Moral Issues.Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press.
33. Rest, J. R.,J. Rest,D. Narvacz (Ed.)(1994).Background Theory and Research.Moral Development in the Professions (Erlbaum and Associates).
34. Schwepker, C.,O. C. Ferrett,T. Ingram(1997).The Influence of Ethics Climate and Ethical Conflict on Role Stress in the Sales Force.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,25,98-108.
35. Shaw, T. R.(2003).The Moral Intensity of Privacy: An Empirical Study of Vebmasters` Attitudes.Journal of Business Ethics,46(4),301-318.
36. Singer, M. S.,A. E. Singer(1997).Observer Judgments about Moral Agents Ethical Decisions: The Role of Scope of Justice and Moral Intensity.Journal of Business Ethics,16,473-484.
37. Singhapakdi, A.,K, J. Marta,K. C. Rallapalli,C. R Ran(2000).Toward an Understanding of Religiousness and Marketing Ethics: An Empirical Study.Journal of Business Ethics,27,305-319.
38. Tan. D.,R. S. Snell(2002).The Third Eye: Exploring Guanxi and Relational Morality in the Workplace.Journal of Business Ethics,41,361-384.
39. Trevino, L K.,K. D. Butterfield,D. L. McCabe(1998).The Ethical Context in Organizations: Influences on Employee Attiudes and Behaviors.Business Ethics quarterly,8(3),447-476.
40. Trevino, L. L.(1986).Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: A Person-Situation Interactionist Model.Academy of Management Review,11(3),601-617.
41. Verschoor, C. C.(1998).A Study of the Link between a Corporation`s Financial Performance and Its Commitment of Ethics.Journal of t3usiness Ethics,17,1509-1516.
42. Victor B.,J. B. Collen(1988).The Organizational Bases of Ethical Work Climates.Administrative Science Quarterly,33,101-125.
43. Watley, L. D.,D. R. May(2004).Enhancing Moral Intensity: The Roles of Personal and Consequential Information in Ethical Decision-Making.Journal of Business Ethics,50(2),105-126.
44. Wimbush, J. G.,J. M. Shepard(1994).Toward an Understanding of Ethical Climates: Its Relationship to Ethical Behavior and Supervisory Influence.Journal of Business Ethics,13,637-647.
45. Zikmund, W. G.(1997).Business Research Methods.Florida:The Dryden Press.
46. 方妙玲(2003)。國立台北大學企業管理學系未出版博士學位論文。
47. 吳成豐(1999)。員工企業倫理滿意度與工作滿足及道德決策考量因素之相關：以中小企業為例。勞資關係論叢，8，1-32。
48. 吳成豐(1997)。行政院國科會專題研究計畫行政院國科會專題研究計畫,台北:。
49. 馬慶強(1997)。中國人之之感性與認知方面的道德發展：一個七階段發展理論。本土心理學研究，7，166-212。
50. 黃光國(1988)。中國人的權力遊戲。台北:巨流圖書公司。
51. 黃曈莉(1999)。人際和諧與衝突－本土化的理論與研究。台北:桂冠圖書。
52. 葉紹國(1996)。國人道德推理導向與情境、性別因素之研究。淡江學報，35，71-100。

1. 黃奕誠、洪雪卿(2012)。道德哲學、道德強度與道德決策流程之關聯性探討。當代會計，13(1)，27-56。
2. 盧郁菁,楊濱燦,李嫺柔(2020)。企業倫理規範對倫理銷售行為影響之研究。多國籍企業管理評論，14(1)，1-20。
3. 謝炎君、林栢章、林晏瑜、林玥秀(2016)。以Tenbrunsel and Smith-Crowe 倫理決策模型探討餐旅系學生之倫理察覺與決策行為。觀光休閒學報，22(3)，251-276。