外勞引進對本國勞工失業、職業選擇及薪資之影響

Impacts of Foreign Worker Importation on the Unemployment, Occupational Choice and Wage Rates of Local Workers

10.29629/TEFP.200610.0003

江豐富(Feng-Fuh Jiang)

外籍勞工 ； 一般化兩階段估計法 ； 失業 ； 職業選擇 ； 工資 ； Foreign worker ； Generalized two-stage estimation method ； Unemployment ； Occupational choice ； Wages

臺灣經濟預測與政策

37卷1期（2006 / 10 / 01）

69 - 111

繁體中文

本研究根據Lee(1983)的一般化兩階段估計法，建立Mincer人力資本型態的職業參與機率式及工資式，實證探討外勞引進對本國勞工職業選擇與薪資的最終影響。採用1996年至2002年行政院主計處「人力運用調查」的個體合併資料，實證結果顯示：(1)在外勞使用密集度愈大的產業內，本國勞工失業的機率愈大，參與機械設備操作工及體力工、技術工等基層職類的機率愈低，但參與服務工作人員及售貨員、事務工作人員、技術員、助理專業人員、專業人員等較高職類之機率則愈高。(2)產業外勞使用密集度對本國絕多數的職業工資率都產生負面影響，但只有少數性別的職類具有統計顯著性。

The generalized two-stage estimation method is employed to estimate occupational attachment equations and to correct for the potential existence of selectivity bias in occupational wage equations. A variable representing the foreign worker intensity in each two-digit industry is included in the equations to show how importation of foreign workers affects the occupational choice and wage structure of local workers. The results for these equations are as anticipated and can be summarized as follows. First, the foreign worker intensity tends to be positively associated with the probability that local workers are in unemployment. Second, intensity of foreign workers in each industry reduces the probability that local workers attach themselves to an operative, laboring, or craft job, while increasing the chance of their attaining a professional, technician, associate professional, clerical, service, or sales job. Third, importation of foreign workers has little adverse effects on the wage rates that local workers receive.

1. Brown, R. S.,M. Moon,B. S. Zoloth(1980).Incorporating Occupational Attainment in Studies of Male-Female Earnings Differentials.Journal of Human Resources,15(1),3-28.
2. Creedy, J.,A. Duncan,M. Harris,R. Scutella(2001).Wage Functions: Australian Estimates Using the Income Distribution Survey.Australian Journal of Labour Economics,4(4),300-321.
3. Devine, T. J.,N. M. Kiefer(1990).Empirical Labor Economics: The Search Approach.New York:Oxford University Press.
4. Dolton, P. J.,G. H. Makepeace(1987).Interpreting Sample Selection Effects.Economics Letters,24(4),373-379.
5. Ermisch, J. F.,R. E. Wright(1994).Interpretation of Negative Sample Selection Effects in Wage Offer Equations.Applied Economics Letters,1(11),187-189.
6. Franchino, F.(1999).The Determinants of Control of Commission's Executive Functions.European Integration online Papers,3(2),1-22.
7. Greene, W. H.(2003).Econometric Analysis.Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice Hall.
8. Greene, W. H.(1995).LIMDEP: User's Manual.New York:Econometric Software, Inc..
9. Gyourko, J.,J. Tracy(1988).An Analysis of Public- and Private-Sector Wages Allowing for Endogenous Choices of Both Government and Union Status.Journal of Labor Economics,6(2),229-253.
10. Haan, P.(2004)."Discrete Choice Labor Supply: Conditional Logit vs. Random Coefficient Models," DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.Discussion Papers,394,1-19.
11. Hamermesh, D. S.,F. D. Bean(1998).Help or Hindrance? The Economic Implications of Immigration for African Americans.New York:Russell Sage Foundation.
12. Harberger, A. C.(1962).The Incidence of the Corporation Income Tax.Journal of Political Economy,70(3),215-240.
13. Hausman J.,D. McFadden(1984).Specification Tests for the Multinomial Logit Model.Econometrica,52(5),1219-1240.
14. Heckman, J. J.(1979).Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error.Econometrica,47(1),153-162.
15. Heckman, J. J.,G. L. Sedlacek(1990).Self-Selection and the Distribution of Hourly Wages.Journal of Labor Economics,8(1),329-363.
16. Johnson, G. E.(1980).The Labor Market Effects of Immigration.Industrial and Labor Relations Review,33(3),331-341.
17. Lee, L.-F.(1983).Generalized Econometric Models with Selectivity.Econometrica,51(2),507-512.
18. Lin, C.-C.(1989).Occupational Segregation between Sexes in Taiwan.Journal of Social Sciences and Philosophy,2(1),155-175.
19. MaCurdy, T. E.(1981).An Empirical Model of Labor Supply in a Life-Cycle Setting.Journal of Political Economy,89(6),1059-1085.
20. McFadden, D.,K. Train,W. B. Tye(1977).An Application of Diagnostic Tests for the Independence From Irrelevant Alternatives Property of the Multinomial Logit Model.Transportation Research Record,637,39-46.
21. Mincer, J.(1974).Schooling, Experience and Earnings.New York:Columbia University Press for National Bureau of Economic Research.
22. Mortensen, D. T.,O. Ashenfelter (eds),R. Layard, (eds)(1986).Handbook of Labor Economics.Amsterdam:North Holland.
23. Schmidt, P.,R. P. Strauss(1975).The Predictions of Occupation Using Multiple Logit Models.International Economic Review,16(2),471-486.
24. White, H.(1980).A Heteroskedasticity-Consistence Covariance Matirx Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity.Econometrica,48(4),817-838.
25. 江豐富(2005)。外勞對國人就業安全與職業選擇的影響。臺灣勞動學學術研討會－2005年會論文集，臺北:
26. 江豐富(2001)。中高齡與基層勞工之失業情勢及因應對策。當前失業問題研討會論文集，臺北:
27. 江豐富(2001)。中高齡基層勞工之失業問題與因應對策。自由中國之工業，91(7)，41-81。
28. 江豐富、董安琪、劉克智(2003)。臺灣失業率上升因素之探討－從人口組別和地區勞動市場剖析。臺灣經濟論衡，1(8)，15-71。
29. 江豐富、劉克智(2005)。臺灣縣市失業率的長期追蹤研究：1987-2001。人口學刊，31，1-39。
30. 江豐富、劉克智、董安琪(2004)。臺灣縣市失業率的長期追蹤初探(1987-2001)。2004年亞太區域研討會，臺北:
31. 徐美、陳明郎、吳孟道(1997)。1997年臺灣經濟學會年會論文集。臺北:臺灣經濟學會。
32. 單驥、陳肇男、劉克智、孫得雄主編、江豐富主編(1996)。人口、就業與福利。臺北:中央研究院經濟研究所。
33. 單驥、廖建富(1999)。薪資差異對外籍勞工與國內生產要素需求之影響。經社法制論叢，23，255-270。
34. 藍科正(2001)。外籍勞工、經濟發展和勞動市場變化學術會議。嘉義:國立中正大學勞工關係學系暨勞工研究所。

1. 蔡朱芳儀(2016)。討論外勞未完成合約之影響因子－以Ｇ仲介公司為例。國立臺灣大學農業經濟學系學位論文。2016。1-45。 
2. 黃韋傑(2017)。臺灣地區薪資對經濟之影響研究。義守大學財務金融學系學位論文。2017。1-45。