隨物共創：密室逃脫浮現的團隊互動

Co-create Bricolage by Objects: Emergent Interactions in Teams of Escape Room Games

陳蕙芬(Hui-Fen Chen)；林彥甫(Yan-Fu Lin)

互動 ； 團隊隨創 ； 共創 ； 物件 ； 密室逃脫 ； interaction ； bricolage in team ； co-create ； object ； escape room game

行銷評論

18卷1期（2021 / 06 / 30）

63 - 94

繁體中文

當資源有限與急迫任務時，團隊要如何發揮創造力解決難題？該表現出哪些互動？如何善用手邊資源進行共創？這些經常考驗團隊在資源掌握的主動性與團隊的合作能力，且不同團隊之表現不同，有的團隊能快速運用取得的資源、解決問題，有的團隊則會陷入困境、導致任務失敗。本研究深入了解團隊在急迫任務所展現的行為能力、團隊互動的形態與變化、物件的辨識與使用，探討在擬真情境下，團隊如何回應挑戰。本研究以質性研究法，選擇密室逃脫遊戲為研究場域，分析闖關團隊行為。從團隊互動與物件的角度切入，本研究發現歸納出團隊三種互動型態與後續物件的運用，勾勒出引發團隊隨創進而能共創的要素。本研究發現團隊不能漠視成員間互動的重要性，而善用提問技巧更能激發出成員的隨創行為，有助於在資源有限下完成急迫任務。由此新觀點也引出本研究在理論與實務上的貢獻。

The study aims to explore how the team respond to the challenges of rush tasks with limited resources effectively. How do the team solve problems with creativity collectively? What interaction do the team present? How do the team use the resources on hand to co-create? The challenges mentioned above examine the initiative and cooperative capabilities of teams. To respond the issues, this study collected qualitative data from observations and interviews to investigate the interactions and the use of objects in team settings-specifically escape room games, which combine limited resources, urgent situations, and need for problem-solving skills. The study adopted qualitative research method and collected data of real team cases. The findings suggest that the importance of interactions between team members and summarize the keys to trigger the bricolage behavior to co-create values in a team. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed based on the findings. The findings contribute to the practices of Taiwanese small and middle enterprises and those fields depend on the performances of teams.

1. 林俊昇,林政佑,周恩頤(2016)。服務體驗管理：亞洲文獻回顧與未來研究方向。臺大管理論叢，26(2)，303-352。
   連結：
2. 張文智,江潤華(2009)。設計溝通模式與團隊創造力關係之探討。設計學報，14(2)，1-18。
   連結：
3. 曾琪淑,張美珍,陳玫岑(2015)。從物件學習的角度探究觀眾在印刷科技展中的科技理解與認知。科技博物，19(1)，5-31。
   連結：
4. 黃孝璋,李晶(2015)。以方法目的鏈理論探討實境遊戲之體驗與價值。大專體育學刊，17(2)，109-126。
   連結：
5. 蕭瑞麟,歐素華,陳蕙芬(2014)。劣勢創新：梵谷策展中的隨創行為。中山管理評論，22(2)，323-367。
   連結：
6. Baker, T.,Miner, A. S.,Eesley, D. T.(2003).Improvising firms: Bricolage, account giving and improvisational competencies in the founding process.Research Policy,32,255-276.
7. Baker, T.,Nelson, R.(2005).Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage.Administrative Science Quarterly,50(3),329-366.
8. Bechky, B. A.,Okhuysen, G. A.(2011).Expecting the unexpected? How SWAT officers and film crews handles surprises.Academy of Management Journal,54(2),239-261.
9. Burke, C. S.,Stagl, K. C.,Salas, E.,Pierce, L.,Kendall, D.(2006).Understanding team adaptation: A conceptual analysis and model.Journal of Applied Psychology,91,1189-1207.
10. Daniel, L.,蔡春美（譯）,蘇韋列（譯）,蕭景容（譯）,魏慧珠（譯）(2012).團體動力學—團隊工作的運用.臺北市:洪葉文化.
11. Harrison, D. V.,Price, K. H.,Gavin, J. H.,Florey, A. T.(2002).Time, teams, and task performance: Changing effects of surface-and deep-level diversity on group functioning.Academy of Management Journal,45(5),1029-1045.
12. Katzenbach, J. R.,Smith, D. K.(1993).The rules for managing cross‐functional reengineering teams.Planning Review,21(2),12-13.
13. Larson, C. E.,Lafasto, F. M. J.(1989).Teamwork: What Must Go Right, What Can Go Wrong.Beverly Hills, CA:Sage.
14. Lusch, R. F.,Vargo, S. L.(2014).Service-Dominant Logic: Premises, Perspectives, Possibilities.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
15. Madhavaram, S.,Hunt, S. D.(2008).The service-dominant logic and a hierarchy of operant resources: Developing masterful operant resources and implications for marketing strategy.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,36(1),67-82.
16. Marks, M. A.,Mathieu, J. E.,Zaccaro, S. J.(2001).A temporally based framework and taxonomy of team processes.Academy of Management Review,26(3),356-376.
17. Marks, M. A.,Zaccaro, S. J.,Mathieu, J. E.(2000).Performance implications of leader briefings and team-interaction training for team adaptation to novel environments.Journal of Applied Psychology,85(6),971-986.
18. McGrath J. E.(1984).Groups: Interaction and Performance.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
19. Mohrman, S. A.,Cohen, S. G.,Mohrman, A. M., Jr.(1995).Designing Team-Based Organizations: New Forms for Knowledge Work.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
20. Pine, B. J., II,Gilmore J. H.(1998).Welcome to the experience economy.Harvard Business Review,3,97-105.
21. Pine, B. J., II,Gilmore, J. H.(2011).The Experience Economy.Boston, MA:Harvard Business Review Press.
22. Pine, B. J., II,Gilmore, J. H.(2014).A leader’s guide to innovation in the experience economy.Strategy and Leadership,42(1),24-29.
23. Quick, T. L.(1992).Successful Team Building.New York:American Management Association.
24. Salas, E.,Rosen, M. A.,Burke, C. S.,Goodwin, G. F.(2008).The wisdom of collective in organizations: An update of the teamwork competencies.Team Effectiveness in Complex Organizations: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives and Approaches,NY:
25. Shonk, J. H.(1982).Working in Teams: A Practical Manual for Improving Work.New York:Amacom.
26. Sosa, M. E.(2011).Where do creative interactions come from? The role of tie content and social networks.Organization Science,22(1),1-21.
27. Stachowski, A. A.,Kaplan, S. A.,Waller, M. J.(2009).The benefits of flexible team interaction during crises.Journal of Applied Psychology,94(6),1536-1543.
28. Sundstrom, E.(1999).Supporting Work Team Effectiveness.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
29. Swezey, R. W.,Salas, E.(1992).Teams: Their Training and Performance.Westport, CT, US:Ablex Publishing.
30. Vargo, S. L.,Lusch, R. F.(2004).Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing.Journal of Marketing,68(1),1-17.
31. 汪美香,葉桂珍(2004)。資訊系統專案團隊成員互動型態之探索。臺大管理論叢，14(2)，79-107。
32. 孟晉瑭(2015)。台南市，國立成功大學經營管理碩士學位學程。
33. 高長瑞(2000)。台北市，國立政治大學管理碩士學程。
34. 張詒禎(2018)。台北市，國立政治大學企業管理研究所。
35. 陳蕙芬,簡婷伃(2017)。隨動而創：團隊隨創能耐初探。中華民國科技管理學會年會暨論文研討會
36. 經濟部(2018).2018中小企業白皮書.
37. 廖君雅(2015)。密室逃脫真人版-正夯的企業教育訓練，團隊集體闖關，每個人都是福爾摩斯。財訊雙週刊，471
38. 羅倩宜（2017年11月06日）。中小企業總會理事長林慧瑛︰5缺外還多了3缺，缺資金、通路、輔導，中小企業盼政府關愛。自由時報。存取日期：2019年12月6日，取自http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/business/paper/1149510。