多國籍企業子公司經營管理制度與工作滿意度關係之研究

Relationships between Management System and Job Satisfaction of Multinational Enterprises Subsidiary

10.3699/199553922015090902001

林彩梅(Tsai-Mei Lin)；張德慧(Te-Hui Chang)

經營管理制度 ； 領導型態 ； 激勵制度 ； 工作滿意度 ； 異文化管理 ； management system ； leadership style ； motivation system ； job satisfaction ； cross-cultural management

多國籍企業管理評論

9卷2期（2015 / 09 / 01）

109 - 127

英文

由於科技的進步，國民所得提升，生產資源與貿易跨國移動的降低障礙，加速了全球化的速度，導致企業必須回應與迅速執行全球化。當公司步入國際化的同時，必需要面對不同於母國的當地文化，所以瞭解微妙的文化差異而於起步時採用合宜的方式，高度關係著一個公司面對全球企業問題時的成功與否。本研究依據各種跨文化管理理論，將多國籍企業子公司文化分成三種型態，第一種是來自母國的公司文化，第二種是來自地主國的公司文化，第三種則是融合母國和地主國之混和型文化。本研究調查了美、日兩國在台灣從事服務業之多國籍子公司，試圖分析並找出不同公司文化在領導風格、激勵方式與工作滿足的關聯性。研究發現由於文化差異，美、日在台多國籍企業子公司的領導風格與激勵方式有顯著差異，文化差異對領導風格、激勵方式與工作滿足之關係有顯著的干擾效果，美、日在台的多國籍企業子公司採用第二種文化型態與員工工作滿足有顯著正相關。

Globalization has accelerated in the last two decades because of technology, rising incomes, and reduced governmental barriers to the movement of trade, production resources. Business responds to and expedites globalization. As companies move internationally, they always face very different culture from those at home. An understanding of subtle cultural differences and determining the best way to proceed often highly related to the success or failure in global business matters. Based upon of the theories of cross cultural management, this study categorized the dominate culture in MNCs' subsidiaries into three types. The first type comes from the parent country, the second type comes from the host country, and third type is the mixed one of the parent and host countries. This study were collected from the American and Japanese MNCs' subsidiary in service industries in Taiwan and were analyzed and try to find out the moderate effect of cultural difference on the relationship between the leadership styles, motivation system and job satisfaction of the said companies. The paper findings are the leadership styles and motivation system between American and Japanese MNCs's subsidiary in Taiwan are significantly different because of the cultural difference. The moderate effect of cultural difference on the relationship between the leadership styles, motivation system and job satisfaction are significantly. The dominate culture of the said subsidiaries in Taiwan is the second type and is significantly positive related with employee's job satisfaction.

1. 林彩梅(2006)。和平文化經營理念與多國籍企業異文化管理績效─以日本MNE之經營策略為例。第八屆多國籍企業國際學術研討會論文集
   連結：
2. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 3(7), 332-396
3. Hoppock, R. (1935). Job Satisfaction. New York: Harper Brothers
4. Abegglen, J. C.,Stalk, G., Jr.(1985).Kaisha: The Japanese corporation.New York:Basic Books.
5. Adams, J. S.(1964).Inequiry in social exchanges.Advances in Experimental Social Psychology,4(1),267-300.
6. Alderfer, C. P.(1972).Existence, Relatedness and Growth. Human Needs in Organizational settings.
7. Aoki, M.(1988).Information, incentives, and bargaining in the Japanese economy.London:Cambridge Univesity Press.
8. Bass, B. M.(1985).Leadership and Performance beyond expectations.New York:Free Press.
9. Birkinshaw, J.,Hood, N.(1998).Multinational subsidiary evolution: Capability and charter change in foreign-owned subsidiary companies.Academy of Management Review,23(4),773-795.
10. Blake, R.R.,Mouton, J. S.(1964).The Managerial Grid.Houston:Gulf Publishing Co..
11. Brayfield, A. H.,Rothe, H. F.(1951).An Index of Job Satisfaction.Journal of Applied Psychology,35,307-311.
12. Buckly, P. J.,Casson, M.(1991).Cooperative Strategies in International Business.Lexington:D. C. Heath & Co..
13. Certo, S. C.,Paul, P. J.(1990).Strategic management.New York:McGraw-Hill.
14. Cullen, J. B.(1999).Multinational management: A strategic approach.Ohio:South-Western College Publishing.
15. David, K.(1972).Human behavior at work.New York:McGraw-Hill.
16. Dessler, G.(1980).Oragnization and Management. A Contingence Approach.New York:Prentice-Hall Inc..
17. Franke, R. H.,Hofstede, G.,Bond, M. H.(1991).Cultural roots of economic performance: A research note.Strategic Management Journal,25(12),165-173.
18. Gellerman, Saul(1963).Motivation and Productivity.New York:American Management Association.
19. Gill, R.,Wong, A.(1998).The cross-culture transfer of management practices: the case of Japanese human resource management practices in Singapore.International Journal of human Resource Management,9(1),116-135.
20. Greenberg, J.,Liebman, M.(1990).The Missing in Strategic Performance.The Journal of Business Strategy
21. Hackman, J. R.,Oldham, G. R.(1975).Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory Elates.Organization Behavior and Human Performance,250-279.
22. Hammel, G.,Prahalad, C. K.(1985).Do you really have a global strategy?.Harvard Business Review,23(7),139-148.
23. Hersey, P.,Blanchard C. K.(1977).Management of organizational Behavior.New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
24. Herzberg, F.,Mausner, B.,Snyderman, B.(1959).The Motivation to work.New York:John Wiely & Sons Inc..
25. Hill, C. W.,Hitt, M. A.,Hoskisson, R. E.(1988).Declining U.S. competitiveness: Reflections on a crisis.Academy of Management Executive,10(2),51-60.
26. Hofstede G.(1982).The cultural relativity of organizational practices and theories.Journal of International Business Studies,14(2),75-89.
27. Hofstede, G.,Neuijen, B.,Ohayv, D. D.,Sanders G.(1990).Measuring organizational cultures: A qualitative and quantitative study across twenty cases.Administrative Science Quarterly,35(2),286-317.
28. House, R. J.,Mitchell, T. R.(1977).Path-goal theory of leadership.Journal of Contemporary Business,3(4),81.
29. Hunt, J. G.(Ed.),Hosking, D. M.(Ed.),Schriesheim, C. G.(Ed.),Stewart, R.(Ed.)(1984).Leaders and Managers: International Perspectives on Managerial Behavior and Leadership.Elmsford, New York:Pergamon Press.
30. McGregor, D. M.(1960).The humanside of enterprise.Management Review,46(11),77-89.
31. Poter, L. V.,Lawler, E. E.(1968).What Job Attitudes Tell About Motivation.Harvard Business Review,46,1.
32. Robbins,Gibson(1991).Organizational Behavior Structure.
33. Robinson, R. D.(1984).International of Business: An introduction.Chicago, Illinois:The Dryden Press.
34. Rosenstein, J.,Rasheed, A.(1993).National comparisons in strategy: A framework and review.Advances in International Comparative Management,21(8),79-99.
35. Schneider, S. C.(1988).National versus corporate culture: Implications for human resources management.Human Resource Management,27(1),231-246.
36. Seashore, S. E.,Taber, T. D.(1975).Job satisfaction and their correlations.American Behavior Scientist,18(4),333-368.
37. Smith, P. C.,Kendall, L. J.,Hulin, C. L.(1969).The measurement of satisfaction in work & retirement.Chicago:Rand McNally.
38. Spector, P. E.(1985).Measurement on Human Service Staff Satisfaction: Development of The Job Satisfaction Survey.American Journal of Community Psychology,13,693-713.
39. Steers, Richard M.(1994).Introduction to Organizational Behavior.New York:Harper Collins Publishers Inc..
40. Stogdll, R.M.,Coons, A. E.(1957).Leadership Behavior, Description and Measurement.Ohio:Bureru of Business Research, The Ohio State Univ..
41. Tannenbaum, R.,Weschler, I. R.,Massaik, F.(1961).Leapership and Organization: A Behavior Socience Approach.New York:Mcgraw-Hill.
42. Terry, George R.(1960).Principles of Management.Homewood, III:R. D. Irwin..
43. Urbanski, A.(1986).Incentives Get Specific.Sales and Marketing Management,September,98-102.
44. Vroom, V. H.(1964).Work and motivation.New York:John Wiely & Sons Inc..
45. Weiss, D. J.,Davis, R. V.,England, G. W.,Lofquist, L. H.(1967).Manual for the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire.Minneapolis:University of Minnesota, Industrial Relations Center.
46. Womack, P.,Jones, D. T.,Roos, D.(1990).The machine that changed the world.New York:Rawson Associates.
47. Yeh, R. S.(1986).Philadelphia, America,Temple University.
48. Yoshimori, M.(1995).Whose company is it ? The concept of the corporation in Japan and the west.Long Range Planning,40(28),4.
49. 李文娟(1998)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。桃園，國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所。
50. 李淑貞(2000)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台南，國立成功大學企業管理研究所。
51. 林振洋(1997)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台中，東海大學工業工程研究所。
52. 柯亮群(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北，中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所。
53. 秦克堅(2004)。博士論文(博士論文)。台北，中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所。
54. 曹國雄(1993)。中美日大陸人力資源管理的比較。人力資源發展月刊，6，2-6。
55. 許士軍(1977)。工作滿足、個人特徵與組織氣候─文獻探討及實證研究。國立政治大學學報，35，13-56。
56. 許朝欽(2000)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台中，朝陽大學工業工程與管理研究所。
57. 陳麗如(1993)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台中，中興大學企業管理研究所。
58. 趙心潔(1998)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北，中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所。
59. 謝惠芳(1991)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北，中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所。
60. 藍偉峰(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台南，國立成功大學企業管理研究所。
61. 嚴文位(2005)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北，中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所。

1. 華筱琳、陳律睿、何祖平(2017)。外資企業在台持續投資意願之分析－以距離變數與經驗觀之。多國籍企業管理評論，11(2)，129-146。
2. 劉胤含,胡亞平,邱紹群(2023)。疫情期間混合任務環境對員工績效影響之研究。管理資訊計算，12(2)，103-118。
3. 葉明偉、黃庭邦、周燕玉(2017)。比較分析台灣與大陸員工激勵因素偏好之特性：以員工所得屬性為調節變項。管理實務與理論研究，11(3)，1-21。