北部低年級學童睡眠品質影響因素探討

Related Factors to Sleep Quality Among School-Aged Children in North Taiwan

10.6550/ACP.202112_15(1_2).0001

詹雅雯(Ya-Wen Jan)；彭志業(Chih-Yeh Peng)；賴曉恩(Xiao-En Lai)；黃正憲(Cheng-Hsien Huang)

學齡期兒童 ； 睡眠困擾 ； 白天功能 ； school-aged children ； sleep disturbance ； daytime function

臨床心理學刊

15卷1/2期（2021 / 12 / 01）

1 - 17

繁體中文

目的：睡眠對孩童身心健全發展相當重要，但國內學童的睡眠量相對不足，國外研究指出父母睡眠知識與孩童的睡眠品質、睡眠量有關，但目前缺乏國內家長睡眠知識的調查結果。此外，我國本土化的社會文化因素，如學習時間長、家庭作息晚、3C產品育兒等因素，以及海島型氣候導致的過敏症狀，均對孩童健康睡眠產生威脅。本研究欲藉由探討上述因素以發掘阻礙父母落實孩童健康睡眠作息行為的關鍵因素，藉此發展初步之介入方案。方法：本研究共納入238位有效樣本，以基本資料問卷、照顧者睡眠知識問卷（Parents Sleep Knowledge Inventory, PSKI）、兒童睡眠習慣問卷（Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ），和睡眠日誌，探討家長在規範與管理孩童充足與規律睡眠之相關認知行為影響因素與生理因素。結果：55.0%的學童上學日夜間睡眠不足9小時，7.1%的學童週末作息延後1小時以上，高達八成學童在家長填答之兒童睡眠習慣問卷得分落於明顯困擾。家長自身作息型態、含咖啡因飲品飲用時間可顯著預測學童的睡眠充足性，解釋力為11.8%；過長的3C螢幕使用時間則是對規律睡眠有顯著預測力，解釋力為4.5%；家長睡眠知識的缺乏則是對整體睡眠困擾有顯著預測力。結論：國內家長的睡眠知識普遍不足，藉由提升照顧者對孩童睡眠的認識、改善家長作息時間、睡眠衛生習慣調整，應可有助於家長落實孩童的睡眠管理，減少照顧者的負擔與提升孩童的身心健康，並應用於設計孩童睡眠困擾介入方案之參照。

Objectives: Sleep is important for children's physical and mental development. However, previous studies have shown that school-aged children's sleep is relatively insufficient in Taiwan. Accumulated foreign studies have pointed out that most parents have inadequate knowledge about their children's sleep, which is related to children's sleep quality and sleep duration. In addition, social-cultural factors, such as long learning time, late family rest routine, 3C exposure, and a high percentage of children to have allergies, also threated to healthy sleeping. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the impact of above to discover the key factors that hinder parents from implementing children's healthy sleep routines. Methods: This study recruited 238 parents of school-aged children. The demographic survey, Parents Sleep Knowledge Inventory (PSKI), Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), sleep log used to explore the parents' cognition, behaviors and physiological factors on regulating and managing children's sufficient and regular sleep schedule. Results: The results showed that more than 55% of the school-aged children had insufficient sleep less than 9 hours during school day, 7.1% had delayed sleep phase (more than 1 hour) between weekdays and weekend, and 80% had significant sleep disturbance. Regression analysis showed that parents' rest routine and caffeinated beverages use time can significantly predict children's sleep sufficiency, and the explanatory power is 11.8%; excessive screen exposure time can significantly predict children's sleep schedule regularity, and the explanatory power is 4.5%; inadequate parent knowledge of children's sleep can significantly predict poor sleep quality of children. Conclusions: In general, parent knowledge of child sleep was poor. Sleep education program, including enhanced the knowledge of children's sleep, consistent bedtime outine, and sleep hygiene, might be helpful to implement adequate sleep duration and regular sleep schedule for children. It might further benefits to reduce the burden of caregivers and improve children's physical and mental health. Moreover, the results can also used as a reference for designing of sleep intervention programs and sleep education programs for children in the future.

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