從世界文化遺產觀光經驗思考臺灣文化觀光的發展

Ponder the Development of Taiwan Cultural Tourism from the Experience of World Cultural Heritage Tourism

10.29777/JCR.201112.0004

張淑娟(Shu-Chuan Chang)

世界文化遺產 ； 遺產觀光 ； 遺產觀光經驗 ； 文化觀光 ； World cultural heritage ； Heritage tourism ； Heritage tourism experience ； Cultural tourism

文資學報

6期（2011 / 12 / 01）

101 - 126

繁體中文

隨著社會經濟的成長和教育程度的提昇，國人對於出國旅遊和國內旅遊的要求和方式日趨深度和多元。受到聯合國教科文組織保護與各國政府重視的世界遺產，一九八○年代後逐漸在國際旅遊市場上，掀起一股探索歷史文化與藝術美學的遺產觀光潮流。二○○○年後的臺灣，也開始興起遺產觀光的熱潮。世界文化遺產觀光對國人而言，是否有激發對於文化問題或國內文化觀光發展的一些想法。基於這樣的研究動機，本研究採取質性研究的方式，閱覽相關書籍和部落格，並訪談了九位喜愛世界文化遺產的旅人。本文彙整相關質性研究資料，以對文化遺產的認知、啟動文化問題思考和延伸對文化觀光思考等三個議題加以詮釋論述研究發現，最後，綜合提出教育紮根、多樣在地保存及深度永續經營等三項建議。

Along with social and economic growth and raise of education standard, the requirement and mode of traveling at home and abroad have gradually evoked the needs for depth and diversity. After 1980, the UNESCO protection policy working with many national governments' serious efforts contribute to a trend of world heritage traveling in the international tourism market that target at exploring the historic culture and artistic esthetics. Until 2000, many people in Taiwan started to join in this trend. Whether the world cultural heritage tourism could further stimulate more ideas about the development of Taiwan cultural tourism or cultural issues is our major concern. Based on such research motivation, this paper adopts the qualitative research methods to study related books and blogs as well as interview nine travelers fond of world heritages about their traveling experiences and suggestions for Taiwan cultural tourism development. This research tries to interpret and elaborate qualitative research findings from three perspectives: the cognition of cultural heritage, the deliberation of cultural questions and the extended reflection of cultural tourism. Finally, three suggestions have been concluded as the requirements for rooted education, diversity of domestic preservation and the depth of sustainable management.

1. UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2009 About World Heritage. Electronic document, http://whc.unesco.org/en/35. Accessed March 3.
2. The Official Site of Colorado Tourism 2006 A Strategic Plan for Colorado Heritage Tourism: Executive Summary. Electronic document, https://www.colorado.com/ai/final.exec.sum.standalone.03.01.06.pdf. Accessed March 3.
3. 文建會文化資產總管理處籌備處 2010 世界遺產。網路資源，http://twh.hach.gov.tw/WorldHeritage.action，檢索日期：2010 年3 月3 日。
4. Browne, S,Fladmark, J. M.(1994).Heritage in Ireland’s Tourism Recovery.The Robert Gordon University Heritage Convention on Cultural Tourism,London:
5. Collins, R.(1983).Tourism and Heritage Conservation-the Pacific Experience.Heritage Australia,2(2),58-59.
6. Confer, J. C.,Kerstetter, D. L.(2000).Past Perfect: Explorations of Heritage Tourism.Parks & Recreation,35(2),28-34.
7. Goeldner, C. R.(ed.),Ritchie, J. R. B.(ed.),McIntosh, R. W.(ed.)(2000).Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies.New York:John Wiley Press.
8. Graeme, A.、劉藍玉譯(2005)。文化遺產─鑑定、保存與管理。臺北:五觀藝術管理。
9. Hardy, D.(1988).Historical Geography and Heritage Studies.Area,20,333-338.
10. Keesing, R.、張恭啟譯、于嘉雲譯(1989)。文化人類學。臺北:巨流。
11. Masberg, B. A.,Silverman, L. H.(1996).Visitors Experience at Heritage Sites: a Phenomenological Approach.Journal of Travel Research,34,20-25.
12. McIntosh, A.J.(1999).Into the Tourist’'s Mind: Understanding the Value of the Heritage Experience.Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,8(1),41-64.
13. McNulty, R.(1991).Cultural Tourism: New Opportunities for Wedding Conservation to Economic Development.Conservation and Tourism: Second International Congress on Architectural Conservation and town Planning,London:
14. Millar, S.(1989).Heritage Management for Heritage Tourism.Tourism Management,10,9-14.
15. Poria, Y.,Butler, R.,Airey, D.(2003).The Core of Heritage Tourism.Annals of Tourism Research,30(1),238-254.
16. Prentice, R.(1993).Tourism and Heritage Attractions.London:Routledge.
17. Richards, G.(1996).Production and Consumption of European Cultural Tourism.Annals of Tourism Research,23,261-283.
18. Smith, M. K.(2006).Issues in Cultural Tourism Studies.London:Routledge.
19. Tassell, C.,Tassell, M.(1990).The Tasmanian Rural Landscape.Heritage Australia,9(4),12-15.
20. Throsby, D.、張維倫譯(2006)。文化經濟學。臺北:典藏。
21. Tighe, A.(1986).The Arts/Tourism Partnership.Journal of Travel Research,24,2-5.
22. Timothy, D. J.(1997).Tourism and the Personal Heritage Experience.Annals of Tourism Research,24(3),751-754.
23. Urry, J.(1990).The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary.London:Sage.
24. Urry, J.、葉浩譯(2007)。觀光客的凝視。臺北:書林。
25. Wall, G.(ed.),Marsh, J.(ed.)(1982).Recreational land use: Perspectives on its Evolution in Canada.Ottawa:Carleton University Press..
26. Weiler, B.,Hall, C.(1992).Special Interest Tourism.London:Belhaven Press.
27. Yale, P.(1992).From Tourist Attractions to Heritage Tourism.London:ELM Publication.
28. Zappel, H.(ed.),Hall, C. M.(ed.)(1992).Special Interest Tourism.
29. 古田陽久、王慧貞譯、蔡世蓉譯(2003)。世界遺產Q&A：世界遺產基礎知識。臺北:文化臺灣發展協會。
30. 林信華(2002)。文化政策新論：建構臺灣新社會。臺北:揚智。

1. 甘眞綝(2018)。公有古蹟委外經營之法制研究。國立臺灣大學法律學系學位論文。2018。1-201。