题名

運動中心中階經理人職能基準指標建構與分析

并列篇名

Developing a Competency Model for Mid-Level Managers of Sports Centers

DOI

10.6547/tassm.202206_22(1).0002

作者

張家榮(Chia-Jung Chang);余昊(Hao Yu);康正男(Cheng-Nan Kang)

关键词

國民運動中心 ; 公辦民營 ; 人力資源 ; 教育訓練 ; iCAP ; civil sports center ; public-to-private ; human resource ; employee training ; iCAP

期刊名称

臺灣體育運動管理學報

卷期/出版年月

22卷1期(2022 / 06 / 01)

页次

25 - 48

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

近年國內運動中心產業快速成長,人才市場供不應求,尤其運動中心中階經理人扮演串連企業組織要角,然而目前勞動部尚缺乏運動領域相關職能之規範。目的:本研究參考勞動部勞動力發展署職能發展平台架構,旨在建構運動中心中階經理人職能基準指標,並計算各層級指標權重,提供相關業者發展人力資源管理策略之參考。方法:研究採用文獻分析以及焦點團體座談制定職能初稿,分別邀請20位國內運動中心領域產、學專家進行修正式德爾菲法,並另外邀請19位國內運動中心業界專家進行分析層級程序法,發展職能模型指標並訂定各層級指標權重。結果:運動中心中階經理人職能基準包含五個工作任務,依重要度排序為「營運計畫擬定及執行」、「人力資源管理」、「行銷推廣及活動籌辦」、「顧客管理服務能力」、「內部行政事務管理」,以及工作任務下包含12個工作活動、34個行為指標。結論:營運計畫擬定相關工作任務,重要性遠高於其他構面,其中又以年度計畫執行及公部門履約管理最重要,顯示現今運動中心公辦民營模式下,中階經理人需兼備跨部門管理及對外溝通能力。本職能基準指標不僅可供業者作為建立人力資源管理體系的基礎,在職能基礎進行實務應用的延伸,亦可作為未來學者進行職能相關研究之參酌。

英文摘要

In recent years, the sports center industry has grown rapidly, and the demand for talent has greatly exceeded supply. Middle-level managers of sports centers play a significant role as a bridge between all facets of the enterprise. Purpose: This study aimed to construct an Occupational Competency Standard (OCS) for middle-level managers of sports centers and calculated the weights of indicators at each level. These OCS indicators may be beneficial as a reference for operators seeking to develop human resource strategies. Methods: This study reviewed the literature and conducted focus group interviews to generate the OCS framework. The opinions of 20 experts from industry and academia were sought for the modified Delphi method. Thereafter, we constructed OCS indicators for an analytic hierarchy process. Nineteen experts from industry and academia were consulted to develop the weights of the indicators at each level. Results: This study identified five OCS working tasks for middle-level managers of sports centers, which were ranked in order of importance from highest to lowest: operational planning and execution, human resource management, marketing promotion and event planning, customer service management, and administrative ability. The working tasks comprised 12 working activities, encompassing 34 behavioral indicators. Conclusion: At the level of job-related activities, implementation of the annual plan and contract performance management for the government were the most important responsibilities. The results demonstrated that middle-level managers of sports centers require cross-functional skills. These results provide sports center operators with a foundation for establishing human resource systems (developing education and training curriculum, performance evaluation strategies), and also serve as a reference for scholars conducting competency-related research.

主题分类 社會科學 > 體育學
社會科學 > 管理學
参考文献
  1. 吳武忠,杜孟哲,鄒安豪(2013)。轉化專業職能成為工作產出:績效的觀點。餐旅暨觀光,10(1),27-46。
    連結:
  2. 李俞麟,楊文,陳瑞辰(2018)。二階段臺北市運動中心經營績效評估及空間相關檢定。臺灣體育運動管理學報,18(2),107-132。
    連結:
  3. 李展瑋,鄭志富,蔡秀華(2016)。臺北市運動中心營運績效指標建構之研究。臺灣體育運動管理學報,16(1),53-89。
    連結:
  4. 周宇輝,簡全亮,康正男(2017)。以先期作業觀點評估運動場館委外關鍵成功因素分析。體育學報,50(2),177-192。
    連結:
  5. 黃彥翔,王克武(2014)。運動休閒管理相關科系學生實習體驗對職業承諾與未來從事專長工作意願影響之研究。運動休閒管理學報,12(1),23-36。
    連結:
  6. 歐虹葳,楊敏里(2018)。複合式大樓物業管理經理人職能之建構。物業管理學報,9(2),15-30。
    連結:
  7. 闕麗鶯,謝文偉,林安迪(2017)。冰山模型應用於籃球裁判之職能發展。中華體育季刊,31(2),171-178。
    連結:
  8. Bäck, A.,von Thiele Schwarz, U.,Hasson, H.,Richter, A.(2020).Aligning perspectives? Comparison of top and middle-level managers’ views on how organization influences implementation of evidence-based practice.The British Journal of Social Work,50(4),1126-1145.
  9. Birken, S. A.,Currie, G.(2021).Using organization theory to position middle-level managers as agents of evidence-based practice implementation.Implementation Science,16(1),1-6.
  10. Fried, G.,Kastel, M.(2020).Managing sport facilities.London, England:Human Kinetics.
  11. Holden, M. C.,Wedman, J. F.(1993).Future issues of computer-mediated communication: The results of a delphi study.Educational Technology Research and Development,41(4),5-24.
  12. Hornsby, J. S.,Kuratko, D. F.,Shepherd, D. A.,Bott, J. P.(2009).Managers' corporate entrepreneurial actions: Examining perception and position.Journal of Business Venturing,24(3),236-247.
  13. Hudson, L. A.,Ozanne, J. L.(1988).Alternative ways ofseeking knowledge in consumer research.Journal of Consumer Research,14(4),508-521.
  14. Krueger, R.,Casey, M.(2000).Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications.
  15. Kuratko, D. F.,Ireland, R. D.,Covin, J. G.,Hornsby, J. S.(2005).A model of middle-level managers' entrepreneurial behavior.Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice,29(6),699-716.
  16. McClelland, D.(1973).Testing for competence rather than for ‘intelligence.American Psychologist,28(1),1-14.
  17. Murry, J. W.,Hommons, J. O.(1995).Delphi: A versatile methodology for conducting qualitative research.The Review of Higher Education,18(4),423-436.
  18. Patton, M. Q.(2002).Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry: A personal, experiential perspective.Qualitative Social Work,1(3),261-283.
  19. Satty, T. L.(1980).The analytic hierarchy process.New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.
  20. Schwarz, Eric, C.,Hall, S. A.,Shibli, S.(2019).Sport facility operations management: A global perspective.London, England:Routledge.
  21. Spencer, L. M.,Spencer, S. M.(1993).Competence at work: Models for superior performance.New York, NY:John Wiley Sons, Inc..
  22. Wessels, W.,du Plessis, E.,Slabbert, E.(2017).Key competencies and characteristics of accommodation managers.SA Journal of Human Resource Management,15,1-11.
  23. 余昊,陳逸杰,康正男(2020)。運動中心中階經理人專業職能之初探。運動管理,48,29-38。
  24. 呂依蓉(2018)。澳洲資歷架構經驗:現況與更新。評鑑雙月刊,75,18-21。
  25. 李隆盛(2014)。美國訓練與發展協會改名和重訂職能模型及其意涵。T&D 飛訊,200,1-16。
  26. 康正男(2010)。運動場館中階管理者核心職能之探討概念建構與模式分析。臺大體育,51,119-130。
  27. 教育部體育署 (2014) 。國民運動中心規劃參考準則。取自教育部體育署,網址https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Other/f1426493527848.pdf
  28. 陳邠婕,周宇輝,呂佑華(2020)。落差分析在運動中心經理人職能的應用。運動管理,48,16-28。
  29. 勞動部勞動力發展署 (2020) 。職能發展及應用推動要點。取自職能發展應用平台,2022 年 4 月 22 日,網址 https://icap.wda.gov.tw/essential.aspx
  30. 黃任閔,陳佳翎(2015)。運動中心人力資源管理之初探。休閒觀光與運動健康學報,5(2),1-16。
  31. 黃斯翎(2017)。臺北市,國立臺灣師範大學。