题名

職場友誼對組織認同之影響－以工作滿意與群體凝聚力爲中介變數

并列篇名

The Impact of Workplace Friendship on Organizational Identification-Job Satisfaction and Group Cohesiveness as Mediator Variables

DOI

10.7118/JHSS.201106.0077

作者

謝安田(An-Tien Hsieh)；楊新生(Sing-Sang Yang)

关键词

職場友誼 ； 組織認同 ； 工作滿意 ； 群體凝聚力 ； workplace friendship ； organizational identification ； job satisfaction ； group cohesiveness

期刊名称

人文暨社會科學期刊

卷期/出版年月

7卷1期（2011 / 06 / 01）

页次

77 - 90

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

職場友誼與組織認同的關係，在職場友誼的相關文獻上目前仍然不清楚，本研究以調查法檢測此關係，樣本包括不同的產業，資料經由問卷調查方式蒐集而來，總計有223位員工填答問卷，問卷填答者所服務的行業包括製造業，批發業，零售業，服務業與教育界，本研究由組織觀點進行分析，發現工作滿意與群體凝聚力對於職場友誼與組織認同的關係具有中介效果，除此之外，此理論可以作爲實務界應用參考（例如：平均分配的報酬給付，團隊規模以及團隊成員的人身距離），然而結論部分也提及本研究之缺點（例如：外部效度，自變數與因變數之純化，橫向資料蒐集）以及未來研究範圍（例如：領導方式，年齡與性別之干擾效果）。
英文摘要

The relationship between workplace friendship and organizational identification remains largely unknown in the literature on workplace friendship. This study examined this relationship using samples from different industries using a survey method. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey of 223 employees in the manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, service, and educational sectors. Our findings provide an organizational perspective. The results show that the relationships were significantly mediated by the effects of job satisfaction and group cohesiveness. In addition, this manuscript discusses the results in terms of implications for theory (for example, equality payment, team size, and physical distance between team members). The paper concludes with limitations (for example, external validity, purification between independent and dependent variables, and cross sectional data collection) and offers recommendations for future research (for example, leadership and the moderating effects of age and gender).
主题分类 人文學 > 人文學綜合
社會科學 > 社會科學綜合
参考文献
  1. Adams, J. S.(1963).Toward an understanding of inequity.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,67(5),422-436.
  2. Allen, N. J.,Meyer, J. P.(1990).The measure and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization.Journal of Occupational Psychology,63(1),1-18.
  3. Amos, E. A.,Weathington, B. L.(2008).An analysis of the relation between employee-organization value congruence and employee attitudes.The Journal of Psychology,142(6),615-631.
  4. Andrews, M. C.,Kacmar, K. M.,Blakely, G. L.,Bucklew, N. S.(2008).Group cohesion as an enhancement to the justice-affective commitment relationship.Group & Organizational management,33(6),736-755.
  5. Argyle, M.(1987).The psychology of happiness.London:Methuen.
  6. Art, B.(2008).The role of firm size and performance pay in determining employee job satisfaction.Labour,22(2),315-343.
  7. Ashforth, B. E.,Mael, F.(1989).Social identity theory and the organization.Academy of Management Review,14(1),20-39.
  8. Atkinson, J. W. (Ed.)(1958).Motives in fantasy, action, and society.Princeton, NJ:Van Nostrand.
  9. Baron, R. M.,Kenny, D. A.(1986).The moderator mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51(6),1173-1182.
  10. Bartkus, K. R.(1995).Group cohesiveness and performance in the salesforce: The impact of active and passive mechanisms of direction.Journal of Professional Services Marketing,13(1),145-154.
  11. Bateman, T. S.,Strasser, S.(1984).A longitudinal analysis of the antecedents of organizational commitment.Academy of Management Journal,27(1),95-112.
  12. Becker, G. S.(1981).A treatise on the family.Cambridge (mass):Harvard University Press.
  13. Bender, K. A.,Heywood, J. S.(2006).Job satisfaction of the highly educated: The role of gender, academic tenure and earnings.Scottish Journal of Political Economy,52(2),253-279.
  14. Berman, E. M.,West, J. P.(1998).Responsible risk-taking.Public Administration Review,58(4),346-352.
  15. Berman, E. M.,West, J. P.,Richter, M. N.(2002).Workplace relations: Friendship patterns and consequences (according to managers).Public Administration Review,62(2),217-230.
  16. Blader, S. T.(2007).What leads organizational members to collectivize? In justice and identification as precursors of union certification.Organization Science,18(1),108-126.
  17. Blau, P. M.(1964).Exchange and power in social life.New York:Wiley.
  18. Bluedorn, A.(1982).A unified model of turnover from organizations.Human Relations,35(2),135-153.
  19. Boonzaier, B.,Ficker, B.,Rust, B.(2001).A review of research on the job characteristics model and the attendant job diagnostic survey.South African Journal of Business Management,32(11),11-34.
  20. Brief, A. P.(1998).Attitudes in and around organizations.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
  21. Brown, M. E.(1969).Identification and some conditions of organizational involvement.Administrative Science Quarterly,14(3),346-355.
  22. Campion, M. A.,Medsker, G. J.,Higgs, A. C.(1993).Relations between work group characteristics and effectiveness: Implications for designing effective work groups.Personnel Psychology,46(4),823-850.
  23. Carron, A. V.,Brawley, L. R.(2000).Cohesion: Conceptual and measurement issues.Small Group Research,31(1),89-106.
  24. Carron, A. V.,Widmeyer, W. N.,Brawley, L. R.(1985).The development of an instrument to assess cohesion in sport teams: The group environment questionnaire.Journal of Sport Psychology,7(3),244-266.
  25. Chen, C. V.,Tang, Y. Y.,Wang, S. J.(2009).Interdependence and organizational citizenship behavior: Exploring the mediating effect of group cohesion in multilevel analysis.The Journal of Psychology,143(6),625-640.
  26. Clark, A. E.(1997).Job satisfaction and gender: Why are women so happy at work?.Labour Economics,4(4),341-372.
  27. Clark, A. E.,Oswald, A. J.,Warr, P.(1996).Is job satisfaction U-shape in age?.Journal of Occupational Psychology,69,57-81.
  28. Cole, J.(1993).Supervising a staffer who is also a friend.Supervisory Management,38(7),3-4.
  29. Colquitt, J. A.(2001).On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure.Journal of Applied Psychology,86(3),386-400.
  30. Deutch, M.(1985).Distributive justice: A social-psychological perspective.New Haven, Connecticut:Yale University Press.
  31. Dobel, J. P.(2001).Can public leaders have friends?.Public Integrity,3(2),145-158.
  32. Eagly, A. H.,Chaiken, S.(1993).The psychology of attitudes.Fort Worth, Texas:Harcout Brace.
  33. Edwards, M. R.(2005).Organizational identification: A conceptual and operational review.International Journal of Management Review,7(4),207-230.
  34. Ensminger, J.(1992).Making a market: The institutional transformation of an African society.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  35. Erdogan, B.,Liden, R. C.,Kraimer, M. L.(2006).The moderating role of organizational culture.Academy of Management Journal,49(2),395-406.
  36. Ewin, R. E.(1993).Corporate loyalty: Its objects and its grounds.Journal of Business Ethic,12(5),387-396.
  37. Festinger, L.(1950).Informal social communication.Psychological Review,57(5),271-282.
  38. Festinger, L.,Schachter, S.,Back, K.(1950).Social pressures in informal groups.Stanford, California:Stanford University Press.
  39. Fried, Y.,Ferris, G. R.(1987).The validity of the job characteristics model.Personnel Psychology,40(2),287-322.
  40. Gersick, C. J. C.(1988).Time and transition in work team: Toward a new model of group development.Academy of Management Journal,31(1),9-41.
  41. Glisson, C.,Durick, M.(1998).Predictors of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in human service organization.Administrative Quarterly,33(1),61-81.
  42. Gouldner, A. W.(1960).The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement.American Sociological Review,25(2),161-178.
  43. Greenberg, J.(1987).A taxonomy of organizational justice theories.Academy of Management Review,12(1),9-22.
  44. Greenberg, J.(1990).Organizational justice: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow.Journal of Management,16(2),561-568.
  45. Gross, E.(1954).Primary functions of the small group.American Journal of Sociology,60,24-30.
  46. Gross, N.,Martin, W. E.(1952).On group cohesiveness.The American Journal of Sociology,57(6),546-554.
  47. Grove, A.(1991).Friends and work: Doing right by both.Working Women,16(10),40-42.
  48. Grube, A. G.,Schroer, J.,Hentzschel, C.,Hertel, G.(2008).The event reconstruction method: An efficient measure of experience-based job satisfaction.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,81(4),669-689.
  49. Hackman, J. R.(1976).Group influence on individuals.Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology,Chicago:
  50. Harman, H.(1967).Modern factor analysis.Illinois:University of Chicago Press.
  51. Hogg, M. A.(1992).The social psychology of group cohesiveness.New York:New York Univ. Press.
  52. Hong, J.,Engestrom, Y.(2004).Changing principles of communication between Chinese managers and workers.Management Communication Quarterly,17(4),552-585.
  53. Kabanoff, B.(1991).Equity, equality, power, and conflict.Academy of Management Review,16(2),416-441.
  54. Kalleberg, A. L.(1977).Work values and job rewards: A theory of job satisfaction.American Sociological Review,42(1),124-143.
  55. Katz, R.,Van Maanan, J.(1977).The loci of work satisfaction: Job interaction, and policy.Human Relations,30(5),349-453.
  56. Kram, K. E.,Isabella, L. A.(1985).Mentoring alternatives: The roloe of peer relationships in career development.Academy of Management Journal,28(1),110-132.
  57. Lawler, E. E.,Hall, D. T.(1970).Relationship of job characteristics to job involvement, satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation.Journal of Applied Psychology,54(4),305-312.
  58. Leventhal, G. S.(1980).What should be done with equity theory? New approach to the study of fairness in social relationships.Social exchange: Advances in theory and research,New York:
  59. Leventhal, G. S.(1976).The distribution of rewards and resources in groups and organizations.Advances in experimental social psychology,New York:
  60. Lincoln, J. R.,Miller, J.(1979).Work and friendship ties in organizations: A comparative analysis of relational networks.Administrative Science Quarterly,24(2),181-199.
  61. Lipnack, J.,Stamps, J.(1993).The teamnet factor: Bringing the power of boundary crossing into the heart of your business.Essex Junction, Vermont:Oliver Wight Publishers.
  62. Lipponen, J.,Bard, A.,Haapamaki, J.(2008).The interaction between values and organizational identification in predicting suggestion-making at work.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,81(2),241-248.
  63. Lott, A. J.,Lott, B. E.(1965).Group cohesiveness as interpersonal attraction: A review of relationships with antecedent and consequent variables.Psychological Bulletin,64(4),259-309.
  64. Lu, L.(1999).Work motivation, job stress and employees' well-being.Journal of Applied Management Studies,8(1),61-73.
  65. Mael, F.,Ashforth, B. E.(1992).Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification.Journal of Organizational behavior,13(2),103-123.
  66. Mannix, E.,Neale, M. A.(2005).What differences make a diference? The promise and reality of diverse teams in organizations.Psychological Science in the Public Interest,6(2),31-55.
  67. Mao, H. Y.(2006).The relationship between organizational level and workplace friendship.International Journal of Human Resource Management,17(10),1819-1833.
  68. Mao, H. Y.,Chen, C. Y.,Hsieh, T. H.(2009).The relationship between bureaucracy and workplace friendship.Social Behavior and Personality,37(2),255-266.
  69. Marelich, W.(1996).Can we be friends?.HR Focus,73(8),17-19.
  70. Matheson, C.(1999).The resource of upward mobility within public sector organizations.Administration and Society,31(4),495-525.
  71. McNeese-Smith, D. J.(1999).A content analysis of staff nurse descriptions of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction.Journal of Advanced Nursing,29(6),1332-1342.
  72. Meindl, J. R.(1989).Managing to be fair: An exploration of values, motives and leadership.Administrative Science Quarterly,34(2),252-276.
  73. Merton, R.(1957).Social theory and social structure.New York:Free Press.
  74. Miller, J. G.(1978).Living system.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  75. Misener, T. R.,Haddock, K. S.,Gleaton, J. U.,Ajamieh, A. R.(1996).Toward an international measure of job satisfaction.Nursing Research,45(2),87-91.
  76. Morrison, R.(2004).Informal relationships in the workplace: Associations with job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intentions.New Zealand Journal of Psychology,33(3),114-128.
  77. Mowday, R. T.,Porter, L. W.,Steers, R. M.(1982).Employee- organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism and turnover.New York:Academic Press.
  78. Nielsen, I. K.,Jex, S. M.,Adams, G. A.(2000).Development and validation of scores on a two-dimensional workplace friendship scale.Educational and Psychological Measurement,60(4),628-643.
  79. O''Reilly, C.,Chatman, J.(1986).Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior.Journal of Applied Psychology,71(3),492-499.
  80. Organ, D. W.,Hamner, W. C.(1982).Organizational behavior.Plano, Texas:Business Publications.
  81. Park, H. S.,Baker, C.,Lee, D. W.(2008).Need for cognition, task complexity, and job satisfaction.Journal of Management in Engineering,24(2),111-117.
  82. Pfeffer, J.,Langton, N.(1988).Wage inequality and the organization of work: The case of academic departments.Administrative Science Quarterly,33(4),588-606.
  83. Pogrebin, L.(1987).Among friends.New York:McGraw-Hill.
  84. Porter, L. W.,Lawler, E.,Hackman, R.(1975).Behavior in organization.New York:McGraw Hill Book Comp.
  85. Porter, L. W.,Steers, R. M.,Mowday, R. T.,Boulian, P. V.(1974).Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians.Journal of Applied Psychology,59(5),603-609.
  86. Pratt, M. G.(1998).To be or not to be? Central questions in organizational identification.Identity in organizations: Building theory through conversations,Thousand Oak,California:
  87. Reade, C.(2001).Dual identification in multinational corporations: Local managers and their psychological attachment to the subsidiary versus the global organization.International Journal of Human Resource Management,12(3),405-424.
  88. Riordan, C. M.,Griffeth, R. W.(1995).The opportunity for friendship in the workplace: An underexplored construct.Journal of Business and Psychology,10(2),141-154.
  89. Rousseau, D.(1995).Psychological contracts in organizations: Understanding written and unwritten agreements.Thousand Oaks, California:Sage Publications.
  90. Rupp, D. E.,Cropanzano, R.(2002).The mediating effects of social exchange relationships in predicting workplace outcomes from multifoci organizational justice.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,89(1),925-946.
  91. Schachter, S.(1959).The psychology of affiliation.Palo Alto, California:Standford University Press.
  92. Schachter, S.(1952).Comment.American Journal of Sociology,57,554-562.
  93. Schneider, B.(1987).The people make the place.Personnel Psychology,40(3),437-453.
  94. Sias, P. M.,Cahill, D. J.(1998).From coworkers to friends: The development of peer friendships in the workplace.Western Journal of Communication,62(3),273-299.
  95. Sias, P. M.,Heath, R. G.,Perry, T.,Silva, D.,Fix, B.(2004).Narratives of workplace friendship deterioration.Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,21(3),321-340.
  96. Sias, P. M.,Smith, G.,Avdeyeva, T.(2003).Sex and sex-composition differences and similarities in peer workplace friendship development.Communication Studies,54(3),322-340.
  97. Smith, C. A.,Organ, D. W.,Near, J. P.(1983).Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents.Journal of Applied Psychology,68(4),653-663.
  98. Stone, E. F.,Porter, L. W.(1975).Job characteristics and job attitudes: A multivariate study.Journal of Applied Psychology,60(1),57-64.
  99. Tajfel, H.(1982).Social psychology of intergroup relations.Annual review of psychology,Palo Alto, California:
  100. Tajfel, H.,Turner, J. C.(1986).The social identity theory of intergroup behavior.Psychology of intergroup relations,Chicago:
  101. Thibaut, J.,Walker, L.(1975).Procedural justice: A psychological analysis.Hillsdale, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum.
  102. Tse, H. H.,Dasborough, M. T.(2008).A study of exchange and emotions in team member relationships.Group & Organizational Management,33(2),194-215.
  103. Tuddenham, R. D.(1959).Correlates of yielding to distorted group norm.Journal of Personality,27,67-74.
  104. Tyler, T. R.,Blader, S. L.(2003).The group engagement model: Procedural justice, social identity, and cooperative behavior.Personality and Social Psychology Review,7(4),349-361.
  105. Van Dyne, L.,Cummings, L. L.,Parks, J. M.(1995).Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity (a bridge over muddied waters).Research in Organizational Behavior,Connecticut:
  106. Voronov, M.,Singer, J. A.(2002).The myth of individualism-collectivism: A critical review.The Journal of Social Psychology,142(4),461-480.
  107. Werking, K.(1997).We're just good friends: Women and men in nonromantic relationships.New York:Guilford Press.
  108. Westerman, J. W.,Cyr, L. A.(2004).An integrative analysis of person-organization fir theories.International Journal of Selection and Assessment,12(3),252-261.
  109. Yamagishi, T.,Jin, N.,Miller, A. S.(1998).In-group bias and culture of collectivism.Asian Journal of Social Psychology,1(3),315-328.
  110. Yao, X.,Wang, L.(2008).Socially oriented values and reciprocity norm predict organizational commitment.Asian Journal of Social Psychology,11(3),247-252.
  111. Zaccaro, S. J.(1990).Nonequivalent associations between forms of cohesiveness and group-related outcomes: Evidence for multidimensionality.The Journal of Social Psychology,13(3),387-399.
  112. Zaccaro, S. J.,Lowe, C. A.(1988).Cohesiveness and performance on an additive task: Evidence for multidimensionality.Journal of Social Psychology,128(4),547-558.
  113. Zaccaro, S. J.,Mccoy, M. C.(1988).The effects of task and interpersonasl cohesiveness on performance of a disjunctive group task.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,18(10),837-851.
  114. Zander, A.(1979).The psychology of group processes.Annual Review of Psychology,30(1),417-451.
被引用次数
  1. 揭維恆(2017)。職場友誼因果關係觀念性模式之建構。淡江大學管理科學學系博士班學位論文。2017。1-114。 
print cancel