以文獻回顧方式探討醫療職場暴力之預防

Using Literature Review to Explore the Prevention of Medical Workplace Violence

10.6647/CN.202003_27(1).0006

謝雪女(Hsueh-Nu Hsieh)；翁欣蓉(Hsin-Yung Wong)；莊昭華(Chao-Hua Chuang)

醫療 ； 職場暴力 ； 文獻回顧 ； Medical ； Workplace violence ； Literature review

彰化護理

27卷1期（2020 / 03 / 01）

29 - 39

繁體中文

近年來醫療職場暴力持續增加，此現象已成為嚴峻且具有挑戰性的議題。本文透過文獻回顧，對醫療職場暴力及相關因素進行統整論述，並提出預防之道。文獻回顧顯示，醫療職場暴力盛行率超過50%，職場暴力類型主要分為身體與心理，其中語言暴力發生率更顯著高於肢體暴力，另外病人、家屬或訪客為常見的暴力來源。進一步歸納出醫療職場暴力的危險因子主要和個人特質、工作特性、環境及組織三大面向有關。職場提供足夠的通報措施，並實施明確的政策和預防暴力計畫是目前認為降低職場暴力的策略。希望藉由此篇文獻回顧，可以增強醫療人員對職場暴力的認知與敏感度，研究結果可提供做為未來制定預防職場暴力相關政策參考。

The medical workplace violence sustains growth in recent years, and this phenomenon becomes a severe and challenging issue. This article used literature review of medical workplace violence and related factors to address prevention strategies. The results showed that the prevalence of medical workplace violence was over 50%. The main types were physical and psychological, and the incidence of verbal violence is significant more than physical violence. In addition, patients, family members or visitors were common sources of violence. Personal characteristics, work characteristics, and environment and organization were the main risk factors of medical workplace violence. The adequate reporting system, clear policies and violence prevention programs implemented are currently considered strategies to reduce workplace violence. We hope the awareness and sensitivity about workplace violence could be enhanced, and the results could be a reference for preventing workplace violence policies in the future.

1. Lin, L. Y.,Juan, C. W.(2016).Review and evaluation of studies on occupational exposure among emergency staff in Taiwanese hospitals.Journal of Medicine and Health,5(1),1-12.
   連結：
2. 明金蓮,黃惠美,洪曉珮,曾麗華,黃美淑,江淑華,董貞吟(2016)。以系統性文獻回顧探討護理人員職場暴力現況與影響。台灣公共衛生雜誌，35(2)，116-135。
   連結：
3. 林育萱,蕭淑代,林秋芬,楊勤霙,鍾明惠(2018)。職場霸凌與女性護理師照護病人安全態度之相關性探討。護理雜誌，65(1)，51-60。
   連結：
4. 陳麗琴,黃集仁(2016)。台灣醫療職場暴力事件之省思與安全防護。榮總護理，33(4)，419-424。
   連結：
5. 鈕淑芬,李作英,蔡瑞貞,邢世俊,吳淑靜,高靖秋(2018)。台灣北部護理人員職場暴力探討橫斷性調查。護理雜誌，65(6)，44-54。
   連結：
6. 黃毓華,黃英忠,陳錦輝,杜佩蘭(2015)。護理人員社會心理工作特性、工作倦怠感與身心健康相互影響-固定樣本追蹤研究。台灣公共衛生雜誌，34(2)，204-217。
   連結：
7. 邊立中,鄭雅文,陳怡欣,陳秋蓉(2014)。職場暴力盛行率與受僱者健康狀況之相關。台灣衛誌，33(1)，36-50。
   連結：
8. Abdellah, R. F.,Salama, K. M.(2017).Prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence against health care workers in emergency department in Ismailia, Egypt.The Pan African Medical Journal,26
9. Abed, M.,Morris, E.,Sobers-Grannum, N.(2016).Workplace violence against medical staff in healthcare facilities in Barbados.Occupational Medicine,66,580-583.
10. Abodunrin, O. L.,Adeoye, O. A.,Adeomi, A. A.,Akande, T. M.(2014).Prevalence and forms of violence against health care professionals in a South-Western city , Nigeria.Sky Journal of Medicine and Medicine Sciences,2(8),67-72.
11. Al-Ali, N. M.,Al Faouri, I.,Al-Niarat, T. F.(2016).The impact of training program on nurses' attitudes toward workplace violence in Jordan.Applied Nursing Research,30,83-89.
12. ALBashtawy, M.,Aljezawi, M.(2016).Emergency nurses´ perspective of workplace violence in Jordanian hospitals: A national survey.International Emergency Nursing,24,61-65.
13. ANA. (2015). Zero tolerance. https://www.The AmericanNurse.org
14. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2015). News release: Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses requiring days away from work, 2014 (USDL 15-2205). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/osh2.pdf
15. Castronovo, M. A.,Pullizzi, A.,Evans, S.(2016).Nurse bullying: a review and a proposed solution.Nursing Outlook,64(3),208-214.
16. Chappell, D.,Di Martino, V.(2006).Violence at work.Geneva, Switzerland:ILO.
17. Copeland, D.,Henry, M.(2017).Workplace violence and perceptions of safety among emergency department staff members: experiences, expectations, tolerance, reporting, and recommendations.Journal of Trauma Nursing,24(2),65-77.
18. Fafliora, E.,Bampalis, V. G.,Zarlas, G.,Sturaitis, P.,Lianas, D.,Mantzouranis, G.(2016).Workplace violence against nurses in three different Greek healthcare settings.Work,53,551-560.
19. Hajaj, M. A.(2014).Violence against nurses in the workplace.Middle East Journal of Nursing,7(2),20-26.
20. ILO,ICN,WHO,PSI(2003).ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI (2003). Workplace violence in the health sector: Country case studies research instruments survey questionnaire (English). Geneva, Switzerland: ILO/ICN/ WHO/PSI Joint Programme on Workplace Violence in the Health Sector.
21. International Labour Organization(2003).International Labour Organization. (2003). Code of practice on workplace violence in services sectors and measures to combat this phenomenon. Geneva: ILO. 4-14..
22. Liu, J.,Zheng, J.,Liu, K.,Liu, X.,Wu, Y.,Wang, J.,You, L.(2019).Workplace violence against nurses, job satisfaction, burnout, and patient safety in Chinese hospitals.Nursing Outlook,67(5),558-566.
23. Pai, H.C.,Lee, S.(2011).Risk factors for workplace violence in clinical registered nurses in Taiwan.Journal of Clinical Nursing,20(9-10),1405-1412.
24. Papa, A.,Venella, J.(2013).Workplace violence in health care:strategies for advocacy.The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing,18(1),5.
25. Park, M.,Cho, S. H.,Hong, H, J.(2015).Prevalence and perpetrators of workplace violence by nursing unit and the relationship between violence and the perceived work environment.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,47(1),87-95.
26. Pich, J. V.,Kable, A.,Hazelton, M.(2017).Antecedents and precipitants of patient-related violence in the emergency department: results from the Australian VENT study (Violence in Emergency Nursing and Triage).Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal,20(3),107-113.
27. Piquero, N. L.,Piquero, A. R.,Craig, J. M.,Clipper, S. J.(2013).Assessing research on workplace violence, 2000–2012.Aggression and Violent Behavior,18(3),383-394.
28. Sauer, P. A.,McCoy, T. P.(2018).Nurse bullying and intent to leave.Nursing Economics,36(5),219-245.
29. Speroni, K. G.,Fitch, T.,Dawson, E.,Dugan, L.,Atherton, M.(2014).Incidence and cost of nurse workplace violence perpetrated by hospital patients or patient visitors.Journal of Emergency Nursing,40(3),218-228.
30. The Joint Commission(2016).The Joint Commission. (2016). Sentinel event data. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Author..
31. Wei, C. Y.,Chiou, S. T.,Chien, L. Y.,Huang, N.(2016).Workplace violence against nurses-prevalence and association with hospital organizational characteristics and health-promotion efforts: cross-sectional study.International Journal of Nursing Studies,56,63-70.
32. Workplace Bullying Institute. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.workplacebullying.org/multi/pdf/WBI-2012-IP-D.pdf.
33. World Health Organization. (2014). Violence and injury prevention. Violence against health workers. http://www.who.int/violence injury prevention/violence/workplace/en/.
34. World Health Organization(2002).Framework guidelines for addressing workplace violence in the health sector.Geneva:International Labour Office.
35. Yun, S.,Kang, J.(2018).Influencing factors and consequences of workplace bullying among nurses: a structural equation modeling.Asian Nursing Research,12(1),26-33.
36. Zafar, W.,Siddiqui, E.,Ejaz, K.,Shezad, M. U.,Khan, U. R.,Jamali, S.,Razzak, J. A.(2013).Health care personal and workplace violence in the emergency departments of a volatile metropolis: results from Karachi, Pakistan.Journal of Emergency Medicine,45(5),761-772.
37. 李選,白香菊,顏文娟(2010)。台灣護理人員職場暴力經驗及其相關因素研究。護理雜誌，57(2)，61-69。
38. 林小玲,尹祚芊,黃惠美(2012)。某醫學中心護理工作職場暴力評估之研究。榮總護理，29(2)，176-186。
39. 林霏儀,黃麗華(2016)。某醫學中心護理人員職場暴力發生率及其相關因素探討。秀傳醫學雜誌，15(3,4)，79-91。
40. 馬淑清,王秀紅,陳季員(2011)。職場霸凌的概念分析。護理雜誌，58(4)，81-86。
41. 陳柑伴,楊秀芬,陳慧蘭,楊美賞(2010)。醫院護理人員遭受職場暴力後情緒反應及調適處理。護理暨健康照護研究，6(3)，163-171。
42. 勞動部職業安全衛生署(2017)。勞動部職業安全衛生署（2017）‧執行職務遭受不法侵害預防指引（第二版）。
43. 蔡曉婷,韓錦樺,陳麗芳,周汎澔(2014)。護理職場霸凌與離職傾向及其相關因素探討—以南部某醫學中心為例。護理雜誌，61(3)，58-68。
44. 鄭展志,張孟玲,陳穎瑜,黃曉玲,蔡衣帆(2017)。急診暴力的原因析與預防因應措施。北市醫學雜誌，14(2)，139-146。

1. 楊鎮誠,黃志中,陳佳玉,郭昭宏,莊弘毅,余尚儒(2022)。居家醫療與長期照護工作者之職場暴力現況與因應策略。台灣家庭醫學雜誌，32(4)，245-256。
2. (2024)。長期照護場域的性騷擾防治策略。領導護理，25(2)，26-35。