神經肌肉疲勞對運動表現之影響及監控方式

Monitoring Neuromuscular Fatigue and its Effect on Sport Performance

10.6194/SCS.2017.46.11

陳子毅(Tzu-Yi Chen)；江杰穎(Chieh-Ying Chiang)

垂直跳 ； 心理問卷 ； 團體運動項目 ； vertical jump ； questionnaire ； team sports

運動教練科學

46期（2017 / 06 / 01）

119 - 131

繁體中文

近年來，團體運動項目的比賽及訓練強度越來越高，運動員進行高強度的反覆動作，將促使疲勞累積，進而導致運動能力下降。運動誘發的神經肌肉疲勞已被證實與生理代謝與心理感知的改變有關，同時造成肌力表現下降。先前研究普遍採用血液或唾液指標，觀察運動後生理與代謝指標的改變，判斷運動員的疲勞程度，這類檢測多數俱侵入性、樣本分析時間較長且費用昂貴，對於教練與選手難以提供立即回饋。使用問卷及觀察運動表現的變化，是近年來評估運動誘發疲勞的新趨勢，問卷量測可有效判斷疲勞及恢復狀態，而運動表現變化之判讀，可評估疲勞對於神經肌肉功能的影響。其中，垂直跳是俱有信、效度、容易執行，且與各種生理代謝指標有顯著相關的測驗方式。建議團體運動項目未來在訓練與比賽中，可採用垂直跳與問卷測驗，做為監控神經肌肉疲勞的方法。

Competition and training intensities in team sports have been increasing recently. Repeated high-intensity movements induce accumulated fatigue, leading to the decrease in performance. It has been proved that the decreases of force production ability, along with physiological and psychological changes, are related to athletes fatigue status. Previous studies have used athlete's blood or salivary makers to detect physiological alterations under fatigue. The drawbacks of using those measures including: longer analyzing time, expensive, and hard to give feedback immediately. In addition, most tests are invasive. A trend of using questionnaires and biomechanical testing to evaluate exercise-induced fatigue has been adopted. Questionnaires are valid for assessing fatigue and recovery, while effects of neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) on performance can be evaluated using biomechanical related testing. Vertical jumps, which shared many physiological and biomechanical features with athlete's movement, have been tested as valid and reliable for judging NMF. Both vertical jumping and questionnaires are suggested as practical tools to monitor NMF during training and competition for team sports.

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