論王夫之《詩廣傳》借經說史之詮釋義涵

Discussion on Interpretation and Implication of Wang Fu-Zhi's Employment of Classics to Explain History in Shih Kuang Chuan

10.30091/JCDNCHU.200906.0011

江江明(Jiang-Ming Jiang)

詩廣傳 ； 借經說史 ； 歷史觀點 ； 詮釋義涵 ； Shih Kuang Chuan ； employment of classics to explain history ； historical perspective ； interpretation and implication

興大中文學報

25期（2009 / 06 / 01）

237 - 250

繁體中文

晚清以降，王夫之在學術史上的地位多半被視為足與黃宗羲、顧炎武等清初名家比肩而論，且其著作橫跨經史與文學等領域。清代唐鑑《國朝學案》謂其：「理究天人，事通古今，探道德性命之原，明得喪興亡之故，留連顛沛而不違仁，險阻艱難而不失其正」，不只推崇他的個人之學術成就，同時也稱許王船山人格典範之樹立。船山嘗謂「六經責我開生面」，故窮畢生之力研讀經書。其著作與《詩經》相關者，如《詩經攷異》、《詩經稗疏》《詩廣傳》，皆為後世所推崇。《詩廣傳》是王夫之重要的代表作，相較於《詩經稗疏》與《詩經攷異》等偏重辯證名物或字義審訂之著作，無疑具備了更強烈的個人詮釋觀點，《詩廣傳》二百七十三篇之中，出現了許多強調以「歷史」論證經典的文字，究竟是出於某種巧合，亦或凸顯王夫之個人之歷史觀點，其實相當值得探討。本文擬由詮釋的角度出發，說明王船山《詩廣傳》特殊之釋經之方式，以及當中蘊含之倫理觀點與個人歷史感懷。

Since late Ching Dynasty, Wang Fu-Zhi has been discussed together with Maestros in early Ching Dynasty such as Huang Zong-Xi and Gu Yan-Wu, and his writings stretch over classics, history, and literature. Tang Chien in Ching Dynasty described him in Guo Chou Xue An, ”he is devoted to philosophy and truth, researches thoroughly from ancient times to contemporary age, understand the causes and reasons of prosperity and adversity, suffers set backs but insists on benevolence, and faces obstacles but stands on righteousness.” Not only did Tang praise Wang’s academic achievements, but also approved of his model of moral integrity. Wang often said ”The Six Classics is what inspires me to create a new order”. He devoted his whole life to classics, and his writings with reference to Classic of Poetry such as Investigation on Classic of Poetry, Explanation of Classic of Poetry, and Shih Kuang Chuan are highly praised by later generations. Wang's representative work Shih Kuang Chuan, different from Investigation on Classic of Poetry and Explanation of Classic of Poetry which emphasize discrimination and authentication of names and matters as well as examination and revision of words and phrases, possesses a stronger viewpoint of his own interpretation. In 273 Chapter of Shih Kuang Chuan, a large number of words which use ”history” to expound and prove classics appear. Either whether this is out of mere coincidences or whether this demonstrates Wang's historical perspective is worth research and discussion. Starting from a viewpoint of interpretation, this study explains Wang’s special methods of classics interpretation in Shih Kuang Chuan as well as ethical perspective and his personal historical reflection that lie underneath.

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