A Comparison of the Trainees' Perceived Competence between Egan's and Chiu's Counselor Training Models

Egan與Chiu諮商師訓練模式受訓學員自我能力評價

10.6472/JFEC.200912.0073

曾迎新(Ying-Hsing Stephen Tseng)；連明剛(Ming-Gon John Lian)

諮商志工 ； 諮商師訓練 ； 諮商師自我能力評價 ； volunteer counselor ； counselor training ； counselors' perceived competence

家庭教育與諮商學刊

7期（2009 / 12 / 01）

73 - 113

繁體中文

適切的諮商師訓練模式對於來自不同背景的諮商志工非常重要，但是在台灣似乎不容易判定那一種諮商訓練模式對諮商志工較有益處。本研究的目的在探討：(a)在訓練之後，諮商志工對自我能力的評價。(b)Egan模式與Chiu模式訓練的諮商志工對自我能力的評價有無差異。(c)不同年資的諮商志工對自我能力的評價是否有差異。(d)不同教育背景與職業背景的諮商志工對自我能力的評價是否有差異。本研究採用「諮商能力自我評價量表」分別在台北、台南諮商中心對諮商志工施測。這份量化研究的資料由對諮商志工施測「諮商能力自我評價量表」得到。76位台中張老師以及93位高雄張老師參與問卷填答，多變量變異數分析用來檢驗兩種訓練模式以及大學不同主修的參與者的自我評量是否有顯著差異。多元迴歸分析與皮爾森積差相關用來檢驗諮商經驗與諮商技巧之關聯。 研究結果顯示，Egan模式訓練的諮商志工對“引導”知識的自信高於Chiu模式訓練的諮商志工。Egan模式訓練的諮商志工對運用尊重、真誠、接納、同理、引導、摘要、重複技巧的自信，亦高於Chiu模式訓練的諮商志工。研究結果亦顯示有諮商相關教育背景的諮商志工，對探索知識及澄清技巧的自信高於無諮商相關背景的諮商志工。不論是用那一種訓練模式，都顯示諮商經驗可以提升諮商志工對諮商知識與諮商技巧的信心。

Appropriate counselor training models are crucial to the development of volunteer counselors who come from a wide variety of background. However, it is hard to determine which model is more beneficial for volunteer counselors in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to investigate (a) the perceived competence of volunteer counselors after training; (b) the differences of perceived competence between volunteer counselors trained by Egan model and trained by Chiu model; (c) the differences of perceived competence between volunteer counselors with different years of counseling experiences; and (d) the differences of perceived competence between volunteer counselors with different educational and vocational backgrounds. The Self-Perception of Counseling Skills Survey was adopted to investigate the volunteer counselors at Taipei and Tainan Counseling Center. This quantitative research was based on empirical data collected from the Self-Perception of Counseling Skills Survey. This instrument, translated into Chinese, was administered to 76 participant from the Teacher Chang Youth Counseling Center (TCYCC) in Taichung, Taiwan, and 93 participants from the TCYCC in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Two-way multivariate analyses of variance were formed to determine if there were significant differences in participant's perceived competence that occurred by training model or major. Multiple linear regression and Pearson product-moment correlations were performed to determine the relationship between counseling experience and counseling skills. The results of this study show that volunteer counselors trained with the Egan model report higher confidence in their knowledge of the leading skill than counselors trained with the Chiu model. Volunteer counselors trained with the Egan model also report higher confidence in their ability to apply the skills of respect, genuineness, acceptance, empathy, summarizing, leading, repeating and confrontation than counselors trained with the Chiu model. The results also show that volunteer counselors with counseling-related majors report higher confidence in their knowledge of the probing and clarifying skills than those without counseling-related majors. Regardless of training model, volunteer counselors with more counseling experience generally report a higher level of confidence with respect to their knowledge of and ability to apply all counseling skills than counselors with less experience.

1. Alley, R. S.(Eds.),Blanton, J.(Eds.),Feldman, E. R.(Eds.)(1979).Paraprofessionals in mental health.New York:Human Science Press.
2. Anderson, R. D.,Price, G. E.(2001).Experiential groups in counselor education: student attitudes and instructor participation.Counselor Education and Supervision,41(2),111-119.
3. Berman, J. S.,Norton, N. C.(1985).Does professional training make a therapist more effective?.Psychological Bulletin,98(2),401-407.
4. Blocher, D. H.(1983).Supervision in counseling: contemporary models of supervision: toward a cognitive developmental approach to counseling supervision.Counseling Psychologist,11(1),27-34.
5. Bright, J. I.,Baker, K D.,Neimeyer, R. A.(1999).Professional and paraprofessional group treatments for depression: A comparison of cognitive-behavioral and mutual support interventions.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,67(4),491-501.
6. Carkuff, R. R.,Anthony, W. A.(1979).The skills of helping: An introduction to counseling skills.Amherst, MA:Human Resources Development Press.
7. Chang, D. C.(1985).Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China,Taiwan Normal University.
8. Chang, D. C.,Hwang, C. S.,Hwang, S. F.(2001).Counseling skills.Taipei, Taiwan:Open University.
9. Chang, D. C.,Hwang, S. F.,Nien, D. C.,Liu, S. U.(1992).The effective helper: Training manual.Taipei, Taiwan:Teacher Chang Press.
10. Chang, H. H.(1979).The study of public attitudes toward counseling services.Journal of Guidance,15,84-100.
11. Chi, M.,Glaser, R.,Rees, E.,R. Sternberg(Ed.)(1982).Advance in the psychology of human intelligence.Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
12. Chiu, D. C.(2002).The problem-solving approach in counseling.Taipei, Taiwan:Teacher Chang Press.
13. Chou, C. O.(1982).The investigation of the needs and effectiveness of the providers of social services in Taipei.Hwa-Kang Social Science Journal,18,49-64.
14. Chuang, C. S.,Common Wealth Editors(Eds.)(1997).Expending vision: educational new world.Taipei, Taiwan:Common Wealth Magazine Publisher.
15. Connor, M.(1994).Training the counselor: An integrative model.New York:Routledge.
16. Cormier, S.,Cormier, B.(1998).Interviewing strategies for helpers.Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole.
17. The 2001 Standards [On-line]
18. National Taiwan Normal University
19. National Chung Chen University
20. National Chung Chen University
21. Chung Yuang Christian University
22. National Chung Chen University
23. Dixon, D. N.,Glover, J. A.(1984).Counseling: A problem-solving approach.New York:John Wiley & Sons.
24. Durlark, J. A.(1979).Comparative effectiveness of paraprofessional and professional Helpers.Psychological Bulletin,86(1),80-92.
25. D''Zurilla, T. J.,Goldfried, M. R.(1971).Problem-solving and behavior modification.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,78(1),107-126.
26. D''Zurilla, T. J.,K. D. Dobson(Ed.)(1988).Handbook of cognitivebehavioral therapies.New York:Guilford.
27. About the author: Egan Gerard
28. Egan, G.(1975).Exercises in helping skills: A training manual to accompany the skilled helper.Pacific Grove, CA:Wadsworth.
29. Egan, G.(1975).The skilled helper: A model for systematic helping and interpersonal relating.Monterey, CA:Brooks/Cole.
30. Egan, G.(1997).The skilled helper: A problem-management approach to helping.Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole.
31. Egan, G.(2002).The skilled helper: A problem-management and opportunity-development approach to helping.Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole.
32. Egan, G.(1986).The skilled helper: A systematic Approach to effective helping.Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole.
33. Eisenberg, S.,Delaney, D. J.(1977).The counseling process.Chicago:Rand McNally.
34. Fitz-Ritson, S. H.(1996).Columbia,University of South Carolina.
35. Chinese Title [Fu Jen Catholic University]
36. Glen, M.,Garcia, J.,Li, L.,Moore. D.(1998).Preparation of rehabilitation counselors to serve people living with HIV/AIDS.Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin,41(3),190-200.
37. Gutierrez, B. M.(1996).College Station,Texas A&M University.
38. Hattie, J. A.,Sharpley, C. F.,Rogers, H. J.(1984).Comparative effectiveness of professional and paraprofessional Helpers.Psychological Bulletin,95(3),534-541.
39. Hillerbrand, E.(1989).Cognitive differences between experts and novices: Implications for group supervision.Journal of Counseling and Development,67(5),293-296.
40. Hwang, H. H.(1991).Helping process and skills (Rev. ed.).Taipei, Taiwan:Teacher Chang Press.
41. Hwang, H. H.(1983).Helping process and skills.Taipei, Taiwan:Teacher Chan Press.
42. Kanfer, F. H.,Busemeyer, J. R.(1982).The use of problem solving and decision making in behavior therapy.Clinical Psychology Review,2(3),239-266.
43. Kolb, D. A.(1984).Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development.New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
44. Lai, P, C.,Chou, W. C.,Chang, D. C.(1995).Counseling theory and practice.Taipei, Taiwan:Open University.
45. Leong, F, T, L.(1986).Counseling and psychotherapy with Asian-Americans: Review of the literature.Journal of Counseling Psychology,33(2),196-206.
46. Levy, C.,H. Johns(Ed.)(1998).Balancing acts: Studies in counseling training.New York:Routledge.
47. Liao, F. C.,Niu, W. Y.(2001).Problem solving counseling models.Taipei, Taiwan:Teacher Chang Press.
48. Lin, Y. T.(1935).My country and my people.New York:Halcyon House.
49. Liu, A. T.(1999).The thirty anniversary report of the Teacher Chang Youth Counseling Center.Taipei, Taiwan:China Youth Corps.
50. Loganbill, C.,Hardy, E.,Delworth, U.(1982).Supervision: A conceptual model.Counseling Psychologist,10(1),3-42.
51. Martin, J.,Slemon, A. G.,Hiebert, B.,Hallberg, E. T.,Cummings, A. L.(1989).Conceptualizations of novice and experienced counselors.Journal of Counseling Psychology,36(4),395-400.
52. Mayfield, W. A.,Kardash, C. M.,Kivlighan D. M.(1999).Differences in experienced and novice counselors' knowledge structures about clients: Implications for case conceptualization.Journal of Counseling Psychology,46(4),514.
53. McNeil, B. W.,Stoltenberg, C. D.,Pierce, R. A.(1985).Supervisees' perceptions of their development: A test of the counselor complexity Model.Journal of Counseling Psychology,32(4),630-633.
54. Miller, G.,Yang, J.,Chen, M.(1977).Counseling Taiwan Chinese in America: Training issues for counselors.Counselor Education and Supervision,37(1),23-35.
55. Musgrave, A.,H. Johns(Ed.)(1998).Balancing acts: Studies in counseling training.New York:Routledge.
56. Nietzel, M. T.,Fisher, S. G.(1981).Effectiveness of professional and para-professional Helpers: A comment on Durlak.Psychological Bulletin,89(3),555-565.
57. Noronha, C.(2002).The theory of culture-specific total quality management: quality management in Chinese regions.New York:Palgrave.
58. Ohlaschlager, G.(1979).Deerfield, Illinois,Trinity Evangelical Divinity School.
59. Pedhazur, E. J.(1997).Multiple regression in behavior research: Explanation and prediction.Fort Worth, TX:Harcourt.
60. Pin, J. S.,Common Wealth Editors(Eds.)(1997).Expending vision: Educational new world.Taipei, Taiwan:
61. Rogers, C. R.(1961).Client-Center therapy: Its current practice, implications and theory.Boston:Houghton Mifflin.
62. Samson, S. P. Y.(2001).Ohio,Union Institute & University.
63. Seligman, L.(2001).Systems, strategies, and skills of counseling and psychotherapy.Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice-Hall, Inc.
64. Sheng, C, H.(1992).Unpublished master's thesis, Don-Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.Taichung, Taiwan, ROC:Don-Hai University.
65. Tunghai University
66. Stoltenberg, C. D.(1981).Approaching supervision from a developmental perspective: Me counselor complexity model.Journal of Counseling Psychology,28(1),59-65.
67. Stoltenberg, C. D.,Delworth, U.(1987).Supervision counselors and therapists: A developmental approach.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
68. Sue, D. S.,Sue, D. M.,N. A. Vacc(Eds.),S. B. DeVaney(Eds.),J. Wittmer(Eds.)(1995).Experiencing and counseling multicultural and diverse populations.Bristal, PA:Accelated Development.
69. Sue, D. W.,Sue, D.(1990).Counseling and cultural different: theory and practice.New York:Wiley.
70. Teacher Chang Youth Counseling Center(1987).The investigation of the volunteer counselors' counseling services at the Teacher Chang youth Counseling Centers.Taipei, Taiwan:China Youth Corps.
71. Teacher Chang Youth Counseling Center(1981).The investigation of clients' attitude toward counseling services of Teacher Chang Youth Counseling Centers.Taipei, Taiwan:China Youth Corps.
72. Tzung, L. D.(1982).Bring you a happy life: The youth counseling services at the Teacher Chang.Taipei, Taiwan:Teacher Chang Press.
73. Urban, H. B.,Ford, D. H.,A. E. Bergin(Eds.),S. L. Garfield(Eds.)(1971).Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change: An empirical analysis.New York:Wiley.
74. Wang, Y. C.,Common Wealth Editors(Eds.)(1997).Expending vision: Educational new world.Taipei, Taiwan:Common Wealth Magazine Publisher.

1. 顧意如,邱美華(2016)。Egan諮商模式初始階段中諮商師之關鍵性問句初探。臺灣諮商心理學報，4(1)，87-109。
2. 劉彥君、陳畹蘭(2014)。運用模擬病人／個案於自殺衡鑑晤談之教學訓練。中華心理衛生學刊，27(2)，283-313。