語言發展遲緩幼兒與一般幼兒閱讀不同圖文編排繪本之眼動數據研究

What language delay children and typical development children are looking at during picture book reading? An eye movement study

10.6502/SEF.201912_(27).0003

丘明(Ming Chiu)；孟瑛如(Ying-Ru, Meng)

圖文編排 ； 語言發展遲緩 ； 眼動追蹤儀 ； 學前幼兒 ； 繪本閱讀 ； picture-text arrangement ； language delay ； eye tracker ； preschool ； picture books

特教論壇

27期（2019 / 12 / 01）

35 - 61

繁體中文

本研究旨在探討語言發展遲緩幼兒與一般幼兒閱讀繪本時，圖文編排對於眼動注視之影響。採準實驗設計，研究對象為年滿5歲，未達7歲之語言發展遲缓幼兒5位及一般幼兒30位。研究者自編繪本1本，其内容以童話改編為主題，且繪本中安排對話框、圖文分隔、圖文混合3種不同圖文編排，頁面以電腦螢幕呈現。研究者藉由眼動追蹤儀蒐集語言發展遲緩幼兒與一般幼兒閱讀繪本之眼動數據，瞭解其在閱讀繪本時對於圖畫與文字之凝視時間與眼動軌跡。本研究結果如下：一、整體圖文凝視倍率而言一般幼兒凝視圖區總時間為文字區的8倍，而語言發展遲緩幼兒為16倍。而首次注視時間方面，一般幼兒有79%從每頁之圖區開始閱讀，語言發展遲緩幼兒則為83%，語言發展遲緩與一般幼兒皆高度關注圖區。二、不同版面之注視文字區時間百分比，一般幼兒對話框版5.94%、圖文混合版22.57%、圖文分隔版4.65%；語言發展遲緩幼兒注視文字區時間百分比為對話框版2.45%、圖文混合版11.43%、圖文分隔版2.71%，兩組圖文混合皆顯著高於其他二者。三、對於放大紅色關鍵字，一般幼兒對其凝視時間0.63秒、首次凝視時間為第2.51秒顯著高於一般文字0.37秒、第3.69秒。四、以眼動數據位於該組中位數之二位受試幼兒資料而論，一般幼兒的閱讀眼動軌跡有較多的掃視，能從左到右地凝視文字區，而語言發展遲緩幼兒則缺乏系統性的凝視和掃視，且會注視繪本頁面外區域。

The study investigates the effects of picture-text arrangement on eye movement when language delay children and typical development children read picture books. By quasi-experimental design, children in preschool, age 5-6 years old, with development delay in language (n=5) or typical development (n=30) read a picture book showing on the screen ,and the eye movement data will be collected by eye tracker. The picture book adapted from fairy tales was written and painted by the researcher, including 3 picture-text arrangement: dialog boxes, pictures on the left and texts another side, and graphic mixed version. The eye tracker collects eye movement data, to help understand the fixation duration and eye movement trajectory of pictures and texts when language delay children and typical development children read the picture book. The results are as follows: First, the typical development children and language delay children are more concerned about the picture area when reading. The total time of the typical development children viewing picture area are 8 times that of the text area, and the language delay children 16 times. As for the first time of fixation, 79% of the typical development children started reading from the picture area, and the language delay children 83%. Second, when the picture book layout is a graphic mixed version, the typical development children's attention to the text is 22.57%, the language delay children 11.43%, significantly higher than the other two version. Third, the typical development children's fixation duration for magnifying the red keyword are 0.63 seconds, and the first fixation time is 2.51 seconds, which are significantly higher than the general text. Forth, with the eye movement data located in the median of the two children in the group, typical development child's reading eye movement trajectory presents more saccades, and can gaze sentences from the left to the right, and the language delay child has a lack of systematic gaze and saccade, and will look at the area beyond the picture book.

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