開放陸客赴金門自由行之效益測定－旅行成本法應用

The Beneficial Examination of the Open-door Policy to Kinmen Free Individual Travel for Mainlanders: Travel Cost Method

10.6213/JLRIM.2011.4(2)2

蔡承旺(Cheng-Wang Tsai)

旅行成本法 ； 特徵價格法 ； 自由行 ； 區外取樣 ； 金門 ； travel cost method ； hedonic price method ； free individual travel ； outside sampling ； Kinmen

休閒產業管理學刊

4卷2期（2011 / 08 / 01）

18 - 36

繁體中文

政府開放陸客來台自由行，這是兩岸另一個大變化的新起點。本研究基於意願支付(Willingness to Pay, WTP)假設，在廣泛調查的基礎上，應用旅行成本法(Travel Cost Method, TCM)，以金門爲個案研究，利用區外取樣(Outside Sampling)，共抽取1,080個有效樣本爲研究對象，建立金門開放陸客自由行的需求函數，進行遊憩效益的測定，所得結果是：1.對中國大陸整體之社會效益爲27.26億元／年。2.品質資源的效益：(1)閩南與傳統民俗建築資源：8.45億元/年。(2)戰爭遺跡與戰地文化資源：7.63億元／年。3.對金門本地的觀光收益：29.51億元／年。由調查可知開放陸客自由行將爲金門旅遊市場帶來龐大商機，但發展觀光不是掠奪形式，要形塑以地方文化與歷史爲基礎的旅遊基地，這是金門必須扮演好的角色，才能達成以觀光事業爲帶頭產業，帶動整體之經濟建設，促成金門永續發展之目標。

The open-door policy to free individual travel for mainlanders is a new start point to another major change for cross strait relationship. The research is based on the hypothesis of traveler's willingness to pay and conducts a wide range investigation based on the revised Travel Cost Method. The providence of Fujian is divided into five major living perimeters while on-field and telephone interviews are conducted to 1,080 chosen subjects to establish a demand function of the open-door policy to free & individual travel in Kinmen and examine the benefit from said policy. Results indicate that under three carry capacity conditions, there are different social benefits produced as follows:1. Total social benefit: 2.726 billion (dollar/year).2. The effect of the hedonic resources:(1) The historical culture resource: 0.845 billion (dollar/year).(2) The war resource: 0.763 billion (dollar/year).3. The profit of local sightseeing in Kinmen: 2.951 billion (dollar/year).There is a large tourism market in mainland China. This will allow tourists to fully appreciate the development of Kinmen's history, culture, and nature, and how we can pass them down to future generations. Through this, people will develop a passion for Kinmen's resources, so as to accomplish the long-term policy aim of developing tourism in this area.

1. 李俊鴻(2008)。節慶活動遊客參與動機及經濟效益探討。農業經濟半年刊，83，59-94。
   連結：
2. 張恕忠、林晏州(2002)。遊客對休閒漁業活動之態度與體驗之研究。戶外遊憩研究，15(4)，27-48。
   連結：
3. 鄭蕙燕、張偉祐、林政德(2000)。四草野生動物保護區遊客之遊憩效益與時間成本：截斷式撥爾生模型之應用。農業經濟半年刊，67，161-178。
   連結：
4. 金門縣政府（2010）。金門縣旅遊人口統計表。金門：金門縣政府。
5. Hotelling, H. (1949).Letter in an Economic Study of the Monetary Evaluation of Recreation in the National Parks. Washington DC: National Park Service Press,
6. Blum, L.,Denison, R. A.,Ruston, J. F.(1997).A Life-Cycle Approach to Purchasing and Using Environmentally Preferable Paper.Journal of Industrial Ecology,1(3),15-46.
7. Brown, G. J.,Mendelsohn, R.(1984).The Hedonic Travel Cost Method.The Review of Economics and Statistics,66(3),427-433.
8. Burt, O. R.,Brewer, D.(1971).Estimation of Net Social Benefits from Outdoor Recreation.Econometrica,39(5),813-827.
9. Cameron, T. A.(1992).Combining Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Data for the Valuation of Nonmarket Goods.Land Economics,16(5),302-317.
10. Cesario, F. J.,Kentsch, J. L.(1976).A Recreation Site Demand and Benefit Estimation Model.Regional Studies,10,97-104.
11. Clawson, M.(1980).Mathods of Measuring the Demand for and Valve of Value of Outdoor Recreation.Resources for the future,5(1),68-80.
12. Clawson, M.(1959).Models of Measuring the Demand for and Value of Outdoor Rercreation.Washington, D.C:Recreation for the Future.
13. Freeman, M. A.(1993).The Measurement of Environmental and Resource Values, Theory and Methods.Washington, DC:Resources for the Future.
14. Gibbs, R.(1988).The relevance of 'Relevance' for psychological theory.Behavioral and Brain Sciences,9,251-252.
15. Hanley, N.,Ruffell, R. J.(1992).The Valuation of Forest characteristics.Kingston, Ont.:Institute for Economic Research, Queens University.
16. Knetsch, J. L.(1963).Outdoor recreation demand and benefits.land Economics,39(4),387-396.
17. McConnell, K. E.,Strand, I.(1981).Measuring the Cost of Time in Recreational Demand Analysis: An Application to Sport fishing.American Journal of Agricultural Economics,63(1),153-156.
18. Peterson (ed.),Randall (ed.)(1984).Valuation of wild land Resources Benefit.Boulder, CO:West view Press.
19. Smith, W.L.(ed.),Culbertson, C.(ed.)(1974).Public Finance and Stabilization Policy.North Holland, Amsterdam:
20. William, E.(1980).The Value of Time in Recreation Benefit Studies.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,7(3),272-286.
21. Ziemer, R. F.,Musser, W. N.,Hill, C.(1980).Recreation Demand Equations: Functional Form and Consumer Surplus.American Journal of Agricultural,62,136-141.
22. 吳珮瑛(2006)。綜觀台灣自然保育區的經濟效益評估－氣候變遷下潛在損害的可能來源。全球變遷通訊雜誌，50，31-48。
23. 周傑(1986)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台中市，國立中興大學都市計畫研究所。
24. 林英傑、張文亮(2005)。關渡自然公園水稻田生態經營之環境與教育經濟效益分析。水稻田農業多樣性機能研討會，台中:
25. 郭婉容(1987)。個體經濟學。台北:三民書局。
26. 黃宗煌(1987)。時間價值對遊憩效益的影及其評估方法。台灣土地資源利用論叢，3，91-100。
27. 劉癸君(2003)。阿里山森林遊樂區櫻花季之效益評估－以旅遊成本法為例。林業研究季刊，24(2)，19-28。
28. 蔡承旺(1992)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北市，國立台灣師範大學政治學研究所。
29. 蔡東霖(1991)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北市，國立台大學農業經濟研究所。
30. 蕭代基(1987)。旅行成本法－投入需求函數或產出需求函數。中國經濟學會年會論文集
31. 蕭景楷(1987)。非市場財貨價值的決定：家庭生產函數之應用。台灣土地金融季刊，23(4)，109-121。

1. 卓政寬(2016)。社會新鮮人特徵工資之研究：以台灣觀光產業為例。長榮大學經營管理研究所學位論文。2016。1-106。