题名

綜合中的統合:《呂氏春秋》的「理」與「理義」概念探析

并列篇名

The Unification of Thought in the Image of Syncretism: A Study of the Concept of "Li" (理) and "Liy" (理義) in the Thought of the "Lüshi chunqiu"

DOI

10.29425/JHIEA.201312_(5).0009

作者

佐藤將之(Masayuki Sato)

关键词

《呂氏春秋》 ; 呂不韋 ; 理 ; 理義 ; The "Lüshi chunqiu" ; Lü Buwei ; "li" (理) ; "liyi" (理義)

期刊名称

東亞觀念史集刊

卷期/出版年月

5期(2013 / 12 / 01)

页次

317 - 364

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

近年的研究逐漸闡明了《呂氏春秋》在綜合各家思想的外表之下,還具有如「時令思想」、「論述的組織性」、或呂不韋的政治意圖等等,可以統合其思想的內涵。以此理解為基礎,本文試圖闡明《呂氏春秋》的思想體系中,「理」和「理義」概念實居於其核心。經過相關的分析,其崇高「理」(和「理義」)的思想特質,可以在四種闡述方式中觀察得到:第一,許多其它的概念或主張,如「忠孝」、「學」、「教」等等,都被視為實現「理」的方法。第二,「理」和「理義」成為各個文本層次(各個段落、完整的一篇、核心篇章如〈序意〉的後半,以及整體「十二紀」)的主題。第三,無論是國君還是士人,《呂氏春秋》的作者均要求其實踐「理」和「理義」。以及第四,不僅在個人層次,《呂氏春秋》的作者也按照「理」和「理義」的實現程度,來評估某個王朝、時代,或某種社會之好壞。據此,筆者進一步推測《呂氏春秋》的主導整體思想呈現了雙層結構:1.在《呂氏春秋》蒐集各家思想之際,呂不韋本人指示整合各家思想的「黃學」;2.再以「理」和「理義」概念貫通其整體論述的部分。總之,《呂氏春秋》藉由「黃學」和「理義」概念之雙層結構的建立,提供了未來統一天下的帝王所要努力的藍圖:在地上實現「天—地—人」一貫的秩序準則。

英文摘要

Recent research has shed lights on the comprehensive nature in the thought of Lüshi chunqiu, in which seasonal political agenda and the intention of Lü Buwei are regarded as penetrating the order and the arrangement of the whole text. This article advances this assumption to elucidate its central idea, the concept of "li" (理), to attain such a "hidden" argumentative unity in the various arguments and discourses in it. The concept of "li" (理) is usually translated into "principle," "order," or "rationality," and has widely known as one of the central ideas in the Neo- Confucianism. This article aims to demonstrate that the concept of li is not only the key concepts to invest the whole contents with consistence and unity, but also is the highest value or the ultimate purpose that all the rulers, ministers, and intellectuals should embody in this world. The importance of the concept of li is presented in the following the four ways: (1) as the purpose of other moral values such as filial piety and moral cultivation; (2) as the central topic from a paragraph, a chapter, to the whole contents by means of arguing its importance in the preface of the "Twelve Months" part; (3) The author requests ruling people to embody this value; and (4) The degree of the embodiment of li is a standard for evaluating whether or not a particular period or state has attained the realm of peace and order. On this observation, this article points out that the whole thought of the Lüshi chunqiu contains a double argumentative structure: One is the thought developed from so-called the learning of The Yellow Emperor, a political theory which Lü Buwei wanted to promote. The other is the idea of li, which was proposed by the actual "author" of it. In other words, initially Lü Buwei planned this work on the basis of the Learning of The Yellow Emperor, while the actual author incorporated the idea of li to invest the whole content with a higher level of consistency and unity of thought among its various arguments and discourses.

主题分类 人文學 > 歷史學
参考文献
  1. 佐藤將之(2005)。戰國時代「誠」概念的形成與意義:以《孟子》、《莊子》、《呂氏春秋》為中心。清華學報,35(2),215-244。
    連結:
  2. 佐藤將之(2013)。「雜家」和「綜合」之思想意義:中日學者對《呂氏春秋》與《呂》─《荀》關係之研究評述。漢學研究集刊,17,1-31。
    連結:
  3. 佐藤將之(2013)。天人之間的帝王─《莊子》和《荀子》的「道德」觀念嘆析。漢學研究,31(1),14-27。
    連結:
  4. 陳鼓應(2004)。「理」範圍理論模式的道家詮釋。臺大文史哲學報,60,51-74。
    連結:
  5. (1965)。十三經注疏。臺北:藝文印書館。
  6. 「諸子百家中國哲學書電子化計劃」,網址:http://ctext.org/zh,檢索日期:2013 年8 月30 日。
  7. Sato、 Masayuki(2003).The Confucian Quest for Order: The Origin and Formation of the Political Thought of Xun Zi.Leiden:Brill Academic Publishers.
  8. 工藤豐彥(1977)。『呂氏春秋』の研究:その理‧理義について。國語研究
  9. 中華書局編(1966)。四部備要叢書。臺北:中華書局。
  10. 中華書局編(1966)。四部備要叢書。臺北:中華書局。
  11. 中華書局編(1966)。四部備要叢書。臺北:中華書局。
  12. 佐藤將之(2013)。「民之不牧者,非吾民也」:《管子》「經言」的政治思想特質暨其對《荀子》禮論的影響。政治科學論叢,57,35-68。
  13. 赤塚忠(1987)。諸子研究。東京:研文社。
  14. 許維遹(2009)。呂氏春秋集釋。北京:中華書局。
  15. 郭沫若(1950)。十批判書。上海:群益出版社。
  16. 陳榮捷(1996)。宋明理學之概念與歷史。臺北:中央研究院中國文哲研究所。
  17. 鄧國光(2007)。先秦兩漢諸子「理」義研究。諸子學刊,1
  18. 鄧國光(2011)。經學義理。上海:上海古籍出版社。
  19. 錢穆(1997)。莊老通辨。臺北:聯經出版事業公司。
被引用次数
  1. 李貴生(2020)。《呂氏春秋》貴生思想的意涵與詮釋效度:兼論〈十二紀〉的「焊接」結構。臺大中文學報,71,1-51。