题名

群體支援系統於共同應用設計之實證研究

并列篇名

An Empirical Study of Group Support Systems on Joint Application Design

DOI

10.6188/JEB.2000.2(2).05

作者

黃興進(Hsin-Ginn Hwang)；林政宏(Cheng-Horng Lin)；陳宗天(Tsung-Teng Chen)

关键词

共同應用設計 ； 群體支援系統 ； 使用者需求 ； 系統發展 ； Joint Application Design (JAD) ； Group Support Systems (GSS) ； User Requirements ； Systems Development

期刊名称

資訊管理研究

卷期/出版年月

2卷2期（2000 / 07 / 01）

页次

83 - 107

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

現代的企業處於一個競爭激烈的環境中，如何將資訊科技快速而適當的引進組織內已成為企業所面臨的一大考驗。針對系統發展期間需求定義階段的問題，Chuck Morris 提出共同應用設計（Joint Application Design/Joint Application Development; JAD）之高度結構化會議方法。但在傳統JAD會議中仍有與一般會議相同之問題存在，例如與會者的參與度不相同、無法同時發言等問題。近幾年來，隨著科技的進展與學者們的研究，促使群體支援系統（Group Support Systems; GSS）由理論走向實際。透過GSS能夠協助與會者更完整、正確表達自己意見，並能去除彼此間認知上的差距與化解衝突方面的特性，正好可以彌補傳統JAD會議之不足。本研究即以某國立大學16個系所之所務人事資訊系統畫面為議題，針對以GSS輔助之JAD會議是否能夠提升使用者需求中之畫面設計會議的會議績效進行實證研究。研究結果指出，經由GSS所輔助之JAD會議，在會議進行的過程當中確實能提高與會使用者對於會議過程的滿意度。在使用者的平等參與度方面，傳統的JAD會議提供了使用者一個較為平等參與的會議環境。至於在會議所產生的方案數、使用者對於會議結果的滿意度與認知決策品質等方面，本研究則未發現透過GSS所輔助的JAD會議能夠達到預期的成果。
英文摘要

Business organizations, situated in a very competitive environment, have been challenged for their ability to adopt the progress of information technology (IT) in a rapid and appropriate manner. In response to the issue of defining stages of user requirements for systems development, Chuck Morris proposed a Joint Application Design/Development (JAD) method in 1977. JAD is a highly structured meeting approach to approach consensus of participants. This method, nonetheless, has left unsolved problems such as differences in members' participation and the difficulty for members to speak at the same time. In recent years, the advances of IT have made it possible to use Group Support Systems (GSS) improving the efficicacy of JAD. With the use of GSS, members of a meeting not only could express themselves more precisely and comprehensively but also could eliminate mutual misunderstandings and resolve mutual conflicts. GSS, in other words, could remedy the inadequacy of a JAD conference. In view of such a sound progress of IT, this study examined the impacts of GSS on JAD. A total of sixteen departments of a major university joined in this study. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether, in terms of the screen designed on the basis of user requirement, a JAD conference supported by GSS could make the meeting more effective. As this study has disclosed, a JAD-GSS conference increases its participants' satisfaction of decision scheme in the process of discussion. Traditional JAD conference, however, provides its participants a better chance of equal participation. In addition, judged by the number of alternatives available during the meeting, participants' satisfaction of decision, and perceived decision quality, there is no evidence that the JAD-GSS approach could reach its expected goals.
主题分类 基礎與應用科學 > 資訊科學
社會科學 > 管理學
参考文献
  1. EDP Analyzer, Developing HighQuality Systems.
  2. (1986).Guide, Joint Application Design.Guide International Inc.
  3. A. C. Easton,D. R. Vogel,J. F. Jr. Nunamaker(1992).Interactive versus Stand-Alone Group Decision Support Systems for Stakeholder Identification and Assumption Surfacing in Small Group.Decision Support Systems,8(1),159-168.
  4. A. Fuggetta(1993).A Classification of CASE Technology.Computer,26,25-38.
  5. A. Pinsonneault,K. L. Kraemer(1989).The Impact of Technologic al Support on Groups: An Assessment of the Empirical Research.Decision Support Systems,5(1),197-216.
  6. A. R. Dennis,J. F. George,L. M. Jessup, J. F. Jr. Nunamaker, ,D. R. Vogel(1988).Information Technology to Support Electronic Meetings.MIS Quarterly,12(4),591-624.
  7. C. K. Tyran,A. R. Dennis,D. R. Vogel,J. F. Jr. Nunamaker(1992).The Application of Electronic Meeting Technology to Support Strategic Management.MIS Quarterly,16(3),313-334.
  8. Carmel, E.(1991).Ph.D. Dissertation.the University of Arizona.
  9. Chen, T. S.(1993).Ph.D. Dissertation.University of Texas at Arlington.
  10. D. Gouran, C. Brown,D. R. Henry(1978).Behavioral Correlates of Perceptions of Quality in Decision-Making Discussions.Communication Monographs,45,51-63.
  11. D. Vogel,J. F. Jr.,Nunamaker(1990).Group Decision Support System Impact: Multi-Methodological Exploration.Information & Management,18(1),15-28.
  12. E. Carmel, J. F. George,J. F. Jr.Nunamaker(1992).IEEE.
  13. E. Carmel, R. D.,Whitaker, J. F. George(1993).PD and Joint Application Design: A Transatlantic Comparison.Communication of the ACM,32(4),40-48.
  14. E. Mumford(1981).Participative Systems Design: A Structure Method.System Objectives Solutions,1(1),5-19.
  15. G. DeSanctis,R. B. Gallupe(1985).Data Base.
  16. G. DeSanctis,R. B. Gallupe(1987).A Foundation for the Study of Group Decision Support Systems.Management Science,33(5),589-609.
  17. G. P. Huber(1984).Issues in the Design of Group Decision Support Systems.MIS Quarterly,8(3),195-204.
  18. G. Rush(1985).A Fast Way to Define System Requirements.Computerworld,7(11),11-16.
  19. I. Zigurs,M. S. Poole, G. L. DeSanctis(1988).A Study of Influence in Computer-Mediated Group Decision Making.MIS Quarterly,12(4),625-644.
  20. J. F. George,G. K. Easton,J. F. Jr. Nunamaker,G. B. Northcraft(1990).A Study of Collaborative Group Work with and without Computer-Based Support.Information Systems Research,1(4),394-415.
  21. J. F. Jr. Nunamaker,A. R. Dennis,D. R. Valacich,J. F. George(1991).Electronic Meeting Systems to Support Group Work.Communications of the ACM,34(7),40-61.
  22. J. Grudin(1991).IEEE Computer.
  23. Jones(1991).Applied software measurement.McGraw Hill.
  24. K. L. Kraemer,J. L. King(1988).Computer -Based Systems for Cooperative Work and Group Decision Making.ACM Computing Surveys,20(2),115-146.
  25. Lewis, L. F.(1982).Ph.D. Dissertation.University of Louisville.
  26. M. Aiken,J. Krosp, A. Shirani,J. Martine(1994).Electronic Brainstorming in Small and Large Groups.Information & Management,27(1),141-149.
  27. M. Alavi(1991).Computer-Mediated Collaborative Learning: An Empirical Evaluation.MIS Quarterly,18(2),159-166.
  28. M. C. Kettelhut(1993).JAD Methodology and Group Dynamics Improving Group Decision Making.Information Syste ms Management,10(1),46-53.
  29. Manley, J. H.(1984).COMPCON Proceedings, IEEE.
  30. R. B. Gallupe,G. DeSanctis,G. W. Dickson(1988).Computer-Based Support for Group Problem-Finding: An Experiment Investigation.MIS Quarterly,12(6),277-296.
  31. R. T. Watson,G. DeSanctis,M. S. Poole(1988).Using a GDSS to Facilitate Group Consensus: Some Intended and Unintended Consequences.MIS Quarterly,12(3),463-478.
  32. Reynolds, G. W.(1992).Information systems for managers.New York:West Publishing Co.
  33. Royce, W. W.(1970).Proceedings of WESCON.
  34. S. G. Green,T. D. Taber(1980).The Effects of Three Social Decision Schemes on Decision Group Process.Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,25(1),97-106.
  35. S. L. Jarvenpaa,V. S. Rao,G. P. Huber(1988).Computer Support for Meetings of Groups Working on Unstructured Problems: A Field Experiment.MIS Quarterly,12(4),645-666.
  36. Steiner, I. D..Group Process and Productivity.New York:Academic Press.
  37. T. Connoly,L. M. Jessup,J. S. Valacich(1990).Effects of Anonymity and Evaluative Tone on Idea Generation in Computer-Mediated Groups.Management Science,36(6),689-703.
  38. Valacich, J. S. L. M. Jessup(1992).Proceedings of the 25th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
  39. Wood, J.,D. Silver(1989).Joint Application Design.John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
  40. Y. I. Liou,M. Chen(1993).IEEE.
  41. Y. I. Liou,M. Chen(1993).Using Group Support Systems and Joint Application Development for Requirements Specification.Journal of Management Information Systems,10(3),25-41.
  42. 張銘晃、王存國、范錚強(1997)。電子會議使用效果之實驗室研究—群體大小、任務特性與匿名之影響。中山管理評論，5(4)，751-778。
  43. 陳年興、洪新原(1996)。在全球資訊網上發展群組軟體之研究。資訊管理學報，3(1)，21-38。
  44. 黃興進(1997)。群體支援系統在國內研究之回顧與展望。第三屆國際資訊管理研究暨實務研討會論文集
print cancel