英文摘要
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the outdoor adventure education (OAE) courses on Macao undergraduate's life effectiveness and group cohesion. The methods of Quasi-experimental as well as the pretest/post-test nonequivalent groups design were used. Participants were undergraduates divided into two groups: an experimental group with participating in OAE courses (n=13) and a control group with participating in PE courses (n=19). The life effectiveness and group cohesion scales were taken to pre-test and post-test the effects. According to the results, the experimental group achieved more significantly positive improvement on life effectiveness (including 6 subscales such as time management, emotional control, achievement motivation, social leadership, self-confidence and active initiative) as well as group cohesion than the control group. In conclusion, the designed outdoor adventure education courses could promote undergraduate's life effectiveness and group cohesion.
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