英文摘要
|
The duty of obedience of military personnel is higher than civil servants. When military personnel face unlawful orders issued by superiors, they will fall into a stronger conflict of obligations whether to obey or not. Therefore, for military personnel to act according to unlawful orders, whether it is in line with Article 21, paragraph 2 of the Criminal Law. The review standard that is different from that of civil servants should be established, so that the behavior of military personnel can be evaluated properly. To accomplish this goal, this paper will:(1) construct the military position class system as a collective legal interest with universal validity serves as the basis for reconciling the conflict of legal interests. (2) recognize that the military tasks are closely integrated with the position class system, and in order to pursue military purposes, the military will weaken the rationality of personal values through its total institution structure. (3) starting from different aspects such as class and environment, discuss the basic reasons that affect the military's "order review ability". In order to overcome the blank of the special review standard for military personnel who obey unlawful orders to conduct behaviors in the past, then through the dynamic adjustment of order review capabilities, it is a reasonable regulation for military personnel to follow unlawful orders as duty behaviors. Through the explorations in this paper, it is expected that the development of "dynamic adjustment of order review ability" will provide a much clearer standard for courts to apply.
|
参考文献
|
-
方文宗(2021)。刑法正當事由效力位階之辯證。東海大學法學研究,61,6+11。
連結:
-
呂麗慧(2011)。從美國法『公眾人物理論』論我國民事侵害名譽權法之『公眾人物概念』。東吳法律學報,22(3),54+63。
連結:
-
李茂生(2010)。刑事法。臺大法學論叢,39(2),106。
連結:
-
周漾沂(2012)。從實質法概念重新定義法益:以法主體性論述為基礎。臺大法學論叢,41(3),963+1030-1043。
連結:
-
林書立,李瑞典(2019)。海峽兩岸戰時戴罪立功法制之研究。軍法專刊,65(5),93。
連結:
-
陳新民(2020)。我國軍事憲法的體系及補充芻議。軍法專刊,66(2),15。
連結:
-
黃宗旻(2019)。法益論的侷限與困境:無法發展立法論機能的歷史因素解明。臺大法學論叢,48(1),169-202。
連結:
-
黃朝貴(2015)。論習慣對犯罪構成要件之影響。法令月刊,66(3),394。
連結:
-
蔡聖偉(2008)。論公務員依違法命令所為之職務行為。臺大法學論叢,37(1),167-214。
連結:
-
國防部高等軍事法院高雄分院 101 年度訴字第 13 號判決。
-
司法院釋字第 430 號解釋。
-
司法院釋字第 594 號解釋許玉秀大法官部分協同意見書。
-
最高法院 102 年度台上字第 4092 號刑事判決。
-
臺灣高等法院臺南分院 102 年度軍上更 ( 一 ) 字第 2 號刑事判決。
-
國防法第 15 條。
-
陸海空軍官士官服役條例施行細則第 63 條。
-
(2015)。陸海空軍懲罰法第 6 條之立法經過,2015 年 5 月 6 日修正立法理由。
-
兵役法施行法第 49 條。
-
陸海空軍刑法第 27 條第 1 項。第 8 條第 1 項、第 2 項。
-
國防部最高軍事法院 101 年上訴字第 9 號判決。
-
陸海空軍懲罰法第 6 條第 1 項、第 2 項。
-
Ault, Robert T.,Kem, Jack D.,王建基(譯)(2019)。校級軍官應具備之本職學能。國防譯粹,46(8),49。
-
Caforio, Giuseppe(2018).Handbook of the Sociology of the Military.Switzerland:Springer International Publishing AG.
-
Goodley, Heloise(2021).Defence Studies Department, King’s College London.
-
Huntington, Samuel P.,洪陸訓(譯)(2006).軍人與國家 : 文武關係的理論與政治.時英出版社.
-
Jacoby, Sidney B.(1973).The Feres Doctrine.Hastings Law Journal,24,1299-1300.
-
LeBoeuf, Joe,Doty, Joe,田力品(譯)(2022)。以賦權開創領導統御新頁。國防譯粹,49(5),18。
-
Lewy, Sidney B. Guenter(1961).Superior Orders, Nuclear Warfare, and the Dictates of Conscience: The Dilemma of Military Obedience in the Atomic Age.The American Political Science Review,55(1),10.
-
Osiel, Mark J.(1998).Obeying Orders: Atrocity, Military Discipline, and the Law of War.California Law Review,86(5),963+1028-1029.
-
U.S. Supreme Court, “Feres v. United States," 340 U.S. 135, December 4, 1950, < https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/340/135/>.(last visited Aug. 24 2022).
-
van Baarle, Eva,Bosch, Jolanda,Widdershoven, Guy,Verweij, Desiree,Molewijk, Bert(2015).Moral dilemmas in a military context. A case study of a train the trainer course on military ethics.Journal of Moral Education,44(4),476.
-
Westergard, Craig(2019).You Catch Mor ou Catch More Flies With Hone e Flies With Honey: Reevaluating the Err aluating the Erroneous Premises of the Military Exception to Title VII.Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review,20(2),244+245.
-
Wolfendale, Jessica(2009).Professional Integrity and Disobedience in the Military.Journal of Military Ethics,8(2),137-138.
-
王千文(2008)。官僚體制中服從與自主矛盾現象之探討-韋伯觀點的詮釋。中國行政,80,117。
-
李台東,李瑞典(2008)。論軍事抗命罪—從命令服從界限及抗命罪構成要件與刑罰之法例比較談起。軍法專刊,54(6),30。
-
李瑞典(2014)。軍刑法長官與上官適用之研析。司法新聲,109,24。
-
李聖傑(2011)。「家族相似性」探尋刑法典範之應用:以法益為核心。刑事法學的新視野
-
周元浙(2018)。軍人年金改革制度之初探。法治國原則與 2018 年金改革
-
林鈺雄(2011).新刑法總則.自版.
-
柯耀程(2017).刑法概論.一品文化出版社.
-
袁士枚(1975).軍刑法詮釋.自版.
-
國家教育研究院,雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網,〈http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1305010/〉,最後瀏覽日:2022 年 9 月 15 日。
-
許玉秀(2003)。刑法的任務─與效能論的小小對話。刑事法雜誌,47(2),2-5。
-
陳新民(2000).軍事憲法論.揚智文化事業股份有限公司.
-
陳新民(2008)。「不法」法律及命令服從的困境—由譯、讀賴特布魯赫的經典之作《法律上的不法與超法律的法》檢視「賴特布魯赫定律」的適用問題。軍法專刊,54(6),3。
-
錢淑芬(2010)。「穿制服的人」與制度化作用:軍人角色模塑的理論性探討。復興崗學報,99,52-55。
-
鍾宏彬(2012).法益理論的憲法基礎.元照出版有限公司.
|