新聞記者工作壓力與身心健康調查

A Survey on Job Stress and Health Condition among Journalists.

10.6831/TMU.2007.00128

黃秀卿

記者 ； 工作壓力 ； 疾病 ； 收視率 ； journalists ； working pressure ； sickness ； audience rating

臺北醫學大學公共衛生學系暨研究所學位論文

2007年

碩士

韓柏檉

繁體中文

研究目的：本研究的目的，主要是要探討記者的工作壓力和健康之間的關係，並藉由資料蒐集和分析，找出記者職業相關之身心狀況和共通疾病。以及記者病痛是否因為工作壓力造成；不同媒體特性，其身心病痛差異為何。試圖定義出新聞記者的職業病。 研究對象：以臺北縣市電視、報社記者為主，報社則以閱報率前四名為對象，因為其工作壓力會隨著閱報率而較高，才是本研究對象。 研究方法：採橫斷式問卷調查方法，研究樣本一共有十四家媒體記者，電視十家報社四家，都是有新聞部的電視台，發放600份回收446份，有效樣本為74%。電視記者較多，365人，回收率74%，報社較少，81人，回收率77%。 研究結果：可以看出記者這行對工作付出多，但所獲得的回饋卻很少；工作帶給的壓力也很大；倦怠感的情況嚴重，且惡化情況也很嚴重；大多認為目前健康狀況比一年前差；有一半的人對這行不滿意，多數會轉行；不認為當記者社會地位高；新增疾病多，以精神疾病居(憂鬱、躁鬱、倦怠)；水腫、倦怠、頭痛、肩頸背痛、腸胃炎等，是大部分人共有的疾病；有97.09%有嚴重憂鬱情緒者，顯示記者大多都有憂鬱傾向，而且情況嚴重。「找獨家」、「長官要求作假」、「不停供稿」是這行的三個最大壓力源。認為這行未來三大風險就是「身體越來越差」、「對新聞不再有熱誠」、「婚姻狀況越來越差」。且憂鬱和健康有正相關，顯示憂鬱情況越來越糟健康就越來越差；壓力也和憂鬱呈現正相關，顯示壓力越大憂鬱指數越高，心情就越憂鬱。 有線電視台記者，疾病比例比無線電視和報社高；有線電視記者倦怠情況較嚴重，尤其是收視較高的幾家媒體最嚴重。至於有憂鬱頃向的，分數最高、憂鬱情況最嚴重的，也正好是2006年有線電視新聞台收視率最高的媒體，而排行第二到第五名，也都是24 小時有線電視新聞台。且有線電視憂鬱情況比無線報社嚴重，可見有線電視台記者其工作壓力對身心健康造成影響有多大。

The purpose of this study is finding the relationship between the pressure and health of journalists. By collecting the information and analysis, we try to find the related the problems and common sickness of the career of journalists. Researched people: based on the reporters of TV and newspaper in Taipei City. The interests of researched people are based on the top 4 popular newspaper company since their pressure might be increased by the more population of readers. Researching method: A cross-sectional survey among 14 multi-media companies which contain 10 TV companies and 4 newspaper companies. All of them are the departments of news. 600 questionnaires were spread and 446 are received back. TV news reporters are 365 persons, the return rate is 74%. Newspaper reporters are 81 persons, the return rate is 77%. Result: we can see reporters contribute a lot to their work but the fee back is very little; the pressure is huge; the feeling of tiring is deep and it would get worse seriously; most of them think their health status gets worse than the last year and half of them aren’t satisfied of their job, they are considering to change another job; they don’t think this career deserves the right position in the society; they get new sickness such as melancholia , manic depressive psychosis and tiring ,the dropsy, the headache, the shoulder neck backache, the gastoenteritis and so on, is disease which the majority of people altogether has. 97.09% have melancholia which shows the tendency of being depression. 「seeking for the exclusive news」「the officers ask for producing fake news」and 「non-stop news」are the 3 major sources of pressure. The 3 major risks are 「worse health」「not passionate forward news」 and 「worse marriage status」. It shows that the relation of depression and health are relatively connected. The pressure is also relatively connected to the depression, more pressure comes with bigger depression. Cable TV journalists have higher risk of being sick than wireless TV journalists. The problem of being tiring of the cable TV news reporters is more serious, especially the companies with higher audience rating.About the tendency of melancholia, it tends to be those 24 hours news companies with higher audience rating, rank of No.2 to No. 5. Obviously we can how much pressure that the companies effect on the journalists.

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