咖啡標章對小農所得之影響─以越南達哈地區為例

Impact of Coffee Certification on Smallholder Farmers’ Income: Case Study at Dakha District, Vietnam

10.6346/NPUST.2014.00102

阮氏明琪

認證標章制度 ； 咖啡小農 ； 越南 ； certification program ； smallholder coffee farmer ； Vietnam

屏東科技大學熱帶農業暨國際合作系學位論文

2014年

碩士

陳淑恩;鍾惠雯

英文

由於永續認證標章受到全世界的歡迎，使得越南咖啡小農加入咖啡合作社出口有認證的咖啡，因而改變其生計。但是公平交易(Fair Trade)等認證制度是否能傳達市場消費力量來提升農民所得，並不清楚。於是，本研究的研究目的即在探討標章認證制度對越南崑嵩省達哈地區每戶小農的咖啡淨所得之影響。本研究的初級資料是來自人員調查達哈地區200位咖啡小農，其中含80位是咖啡認證合作社社員與120位沒有認證的咖啡小農。本研究首先比較有認證與無認證的咖啡小農之社經人口統計變數。然後用最小平方法，估算一含以「參加認證標章」為虛擬解釋變數之小農每公頃咖啡淨所得函數，以評估認證制度之影響。最後利用propensity score matching (PSM)來檢驗認證標章在小農每公頃咖啡淨所得的平均效果。研究結果顯示認證標章對每公頃咖啡淨所得具有顯著的正面效果。另外，農戶家長的教育程度、農戶中從事咖啡栽培人數、農戶住家到市中心的距離、接受推廣訓練的容易程度也對每公頃咖啡淨所得具有顯著性影響。本研究更採用鄰近配對法、夾半徑配對法、核心配對法、階層配對法等四種配對法，來凸顯咖啡認證合作社的社員之每公頃咖啡淨所得比無認證者高。最後本研究建議政府、科學家、投資者、咖啡農民緊密協合，期使地方認證合作社轉變成供應鏈中更強而有效率的夥伴。 關鍵字：認證標章制度、咖啡小農、越南

The popularity of sustainable certification programs in the world resulted in Vietnam smallholder coffee farmers to participate in certification cooperatives to export certified coffee and to affect their livelihood. However, it remains unclear whether Fairtrade and other certification programs can shape market forces to deliver higher producer incomes. This study attempts to investigate the impact of certification program on smallholder farmers’ net coffee income per unit at Dakha District, Kontum, Vietnam. Primary data of the study was obtained from the survey of 200 smallholder coffee farmers. Out of 200 samples, 80 smallholders are members of certified cooperatives and 120 of non-certified farmers. Followed by the comparisons of the socio-demographic and economic characteristics between certified and non-certified farmers, the study used ordinary least squares (OLS) to estimate the impact of certification scheme by including certification participation as a dummy explanatory variable in function of farmers’ net coffee income per hectare. To reduce the selection bias, the propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to examine the average treatment effect of certification program on net coffee income per hectare. As a result, net coffee income per hectare is positively influenced by certification participation. Furthermore, education status the household head, number of members involved in coffee cultivation, distance from household to town center, and accessing to training have significant effects on net coffee income per unit. Moreover, four matching algorithms of PSM, nearest neighbor matching, caliper and radius matching, kernel matching, and stratification matching, highlighted that members of the certified cooperative got to achieve higher net coffee income a hectare compared to non-certified farmers. Finally, close coordination among government, scientists, investors, and farmers to turn local coffee cooperatives into stronger and more effective partners in value chain is suggested. Keywords：certification program, smallholder coffee farmer, Vietnam

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