民國以來古物保存法制之誕生背景試析（1911-1930）

黃翔瑜

doi:10.7058/TAHJ.201212.0001

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DOI： 10.7058/TAHJ

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民国以来古物保存法制之诞生背景试析（1911-1930）

Background Analysis of the Birth of Legalization of Antiques Preservation (1911-1930)

黄翔瑜(Hsiang-Yu Huang)

国史馆馆刊； 34 期 (2012 / 12 / 01) ， P1 - 44

繁体中文 DOI： 10.7058/TAHJ.201212.0001

古物；文化资产；古物保存法；中国现代考古学；文化保存法制； antiquity ； cultural heritage ； Regulations of Antiquities Conservation ； Chinese modern archeology ； cultural heritage law-making

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (46) │ 被引用文献 (2) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

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This paper will examine the legal design and development of the law-making on cultural heritage in modern China. The evolving process revealed its complexity and complications due to foreign and domestic pressures. Facing the intruding oppression from western archeology, the stealing and devastation of antiquities within China and spreading influence of nationalism, Chinese government was aware of the fact that antiquity trafficking was a serious problem. With all the external and internal pressures and followed by ethos of nationalism, the government finally was aware of the importance of cultural heritage conservation and forced to take necessary administrative measures to meet the demand. Beiyang Government (the Warlord regime) firstly announced ”Provisional Administrative Measures on Antiquities Conservation” in October 1916. Ministry of Interiors also announced Antiquity Investigation Charts and Manual of Antiquity Investigation administrative rules as emergency measures. Founded in the end of October 1928, the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica initiated indirectly the rise of modern archeology in China as a new discipline opening a fresh academic perspective and offering new methodologies, and furthermore promoted by scholars such as Fu Sinian and Li Chi. As a member of Antiquities Conservation Committee of the Academy and Central Commission for the Preservation of Antiquities, the two scholars also participated the policy making and implementation of national cultural heritage preservation in China. A few major incidents took place in the north of China from 1928 to 1929. The outbreak of ”Shang Zhen Argument” (the dispute between local and central government over cultural heritage authority) and He Zi-zhang (Director of Henan Museum) Incident, the two events jeopardized the authority of cultural heritage conservation handled by Central Government. The Nationalist Government realized if they did not take these matters seriously, which would lead to disruption of authority about cultural heritage. The central government ordered the Legislative Yuan to initiate the legalization process. The Legislative Yuan finished the law-making within 6 months, and announced Regulation of Antiquities Conservation with only 14 articles on June 2nd 1930. Up until now the legalization of Chinese cultural heritage preservation was completed. Reviewing the development of legalization of Chinese cultural heritage in the recent 20 years, there are three major characteristics. Firstly, in terms of legal form the legalization was an advancing process from administrative orders to national law-making. Secondly, in terms of the legal target, the scope of legalization from antique objects extended to the raw materials of modern archeology. Thirdly, in the respect of safeguarding the legalization, Chinese archeology played a supportive role in the process of legalization. The aforementioned characteristics have provided an early picture and evolving process of legalization of Chinese cultural heritage.

参考文献 ( 46 ) 〈TOP〉

林一宏(2011)。台湾文化资产保存历程概要。国立台湾博物馆学刊，64(1)
连结：
殷宝宁(2009)。文化搭台、经济唱戏中国文物保护法令与政策变迁历程之分析。台湾国际研究季刊，5(3)
连结：
《国民政府档案》（台北，国史馆藏）001-012111-0004，〈古物保存法及施行细则案〉
《国民政府档案》（台北，国史馆藏）001-00000-1137A，〈中央古物保管委员会组织法令案〉
《国民政府档案》（台北，国史馆藏）001-01207-1284，〈中央古物保管委员会组织法令案〉

被引用文献 ( 2 ) 〈TOP〉

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