寺廟內空氣中PAHs及碳成分特性探討

鍾鎔同

doi:10.6346/NPUST.2008.00149

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寺庙内空气中PAHs及碳成分特性探讨

Characteristic of Aerosol PAHs and Carbons from Incense Burning in a Temple

锺熔同 , 硕士　　导师：陈瑞仁　　

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6346/NPUST.2008.00149

拜香；粒状物；多环芳香烃；元素碳；有机碳；超细微粒； incenses ； particulates ； polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ； elemental carbons ； organic carbons ； PM0.1

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摘要 │ 被引用文献 (2) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

为了解拜香燃烟对人体健康可能之影响，本研究於屏东县潮州镇某寺庙内大量燃烧拜香时，以分道采样器(Dichot)、微孔均匀沉积冲击器(MOUDI)及高流量采样器(PS-I)进行庙内粗细微粒及粒径分布采样，以探讨寺庙燃烧拜香时其空气中不同粒径微粒上多环芳香烃化合物(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 简称PAHs)、BaP毒性当量(BaPeq)及碳成分之特性，并与庙外之测值比较。
研究结果显示：寺庙内日间大量燃香时，其空气中总悬浮微粒(TSP)、PM10、PM2.5及PM2.5-10浓度(分别为1,782±35.8、1,570±56.4、1,479±58.5及91.3±14.5 g/m3)依序分别为庙外值之8.53、10.9、13.1及2.95倍；庙内PM10中细微粒(PM2.5)之比例达94.2%；微粒粒径(0.056~18 m)呈单峰分布，其峰位於0.18~0.56 m之次微米(submicro-meter)粒径上。庙内PM0.1、PM2.5及PM2.5-10微粒上总碳(EC + OC)含量之平均值分别为64、61及53%；PM0.1、PM2.5及PM2.5-10上有机碳(OC)之含量分别为其元素碳(EC)值之8.77、10.0及1.52倍。庙内空气中总(气+粒状物相)PAHs及BaPeq浓度(6,773±779及93.2±22.5 ng/m3)分别为庙外值之18.5及13.9倍。庙内气相及粒状物相上21种PAHs浓度(6,036±649及737±209 ng/m3)分别为庙外值之19.3及14.1倍；而BaPeq浓度(13.1±2.55及80.1±21.1 ng/m3)则分别为庙外值之3.85及24.3倍。庙内总PAHs(G-+P-Phase PAHs)中粒状物相PAHs虽仅占10.9%，然庙内总BaPeq(G-+P-phase BaPeq)中粒状物相BaPeq占之比例却高达85.9%；显示庙内燃香时，其空气中毒性当量较高之PAHs主要分布於粒状物相中。
在庙内，其气相PAHs(Gas-Phase PAHs)主要分布於2~3环之低分子量PAHs(LMW-PAHs)上(约93%)，粒状物相PAHs(Particle-phase PAHs)则主要以4环及5~7环之中、高分子量PAHs(MMW-及HMW-PAHs)为主(分别占48及43%)；然而在庙外，其气相PAHs中LMW-PAHs占之比例较庙内小(仅63%)，但粒状物相PAHs中LMW-PAHs占之比例(约20%)则较庙内之值(10%)高。其PM10上之Total-PAHs及Total-BaPeq均约有将近97%是分布於易进入人体呼吸系统之细微粒(PM2.5)上，其超细(ultra-fine, PM0.1)、细(PM2.5)及粗(PM2.5-10)各粒径微粒上PAHs或BaPeq之含量(content)均以极易进入人体呼吸系统之超细微粒(PM0.1)最高，其对暴露於庙内人体健康之影响值得加以重视。
关键字：拜香、粒状物、多环芳香烃、元素碳、有机碳、超细微粒

并列摘要〈TOP〉

For the concern of incense burning effects on adverse health, this study investigated the characteristics of aerosol PAHs, PAH-associated BaPeq, and carbons from incense burning emission, and compared the data with those of outdoor particles. The sampling was conducted using Dichot, MOUDI, and PS-I samplers to collect fine and coarse particles in a temple at Chaochou, Pintung County.
The results show that during intensive incense burning at daytime in the temple, the concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 were 1,782 ± 35.8, 1,570 ± 56.4, 1,479 ± 58.5, and 91.3 ± 14.5 μg/m3, respectively, and they were 8.53, 10.9, 13.1, and 2.95 times that outside the temple, respectively. The ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 was high (94.2%). The particles exhibited an uni-modal distribution in the size range of 0.056 to 18 m, peaking at 0.18~0.56 m. The total carbon (EC + OC) contents of PM0.1, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 were 64, 61, and 53%, respectively, and the OC/EC ratios of PM0.1, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 were 8.77, 10.0, and 1.52, respectively. In the temple, the total-PAHs (gas and particle phases) and BaPeq were 6,773 ± 779 and 93.2 ± 22.5 ng/m3, respectively, and they were 18.5 and 13.9 times that outside the temple, respectively. The gas- and particle-phase PAHs in the temple were 6,036 ± 649 and 737 ± 209 ng/m3, respectively, and they were 19.3 and 14.1 times that outside the temple, respectively. Moreover, the gas- and particle-phase PAHs in the temple were 13.1 ± 2.55 and 80.1 ± 21.1 ng/m3, respectively, and they were 3.85 and 24.3 times that outside the temple, respectively. The particle-phase PAHs only accounted for 10.9% of total-PAHs; however, the particle-phase BaPeq reached 85.9% of total-BaPeq. This indicates that higher Toxic-Equivalents-Quantity PAHs existed mainly in the particle phase. 
In the temple, the gas-phase PAHs were mainly 2- to 3-ring LMW-PAHs (about 93%), whereas the particle-phase PAHs were primarily 4-ring MMW-PAHs (48%) and 5- to 7-ring HMW-PAHs (43%). Outside the temple, however, the percentage of gas-phase PAHs (only 63%) was less than that in the temple, but the content of LMW-PAHs (about 20%) in the particle phase outside the temple was higher than that inside the temple (10%). About 97% of Total-PAHs and Total-BaPeq of PM10 were in the fine particles (PM2.5) that may reach the human lung system. The content of PAHs or BaPeq in ultra-fine (PM0.1) particles was higher than those in fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) particles. These findings raise concerns for the health effects of prayers exposed to incense burning in the temple.

Keywords: incenses, particulates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, elemental carbons, organic carbons, PM0.1

被引用文献 (2) 〈TOP〉

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