步行環境對民眾搭乘捷運意願之影響－以臺北市為例

Influences of Pedestrian Environment around Mass Rapid Transit Stations on Passenger Willingness to Take MRT: A Case Study of Taipei City

10.6128/CP.202206_49(2).0001

吳可兒(Ke-Er Wu)；賴宗裕(Tsung-Yu Lai)；蘇偉強(Wei-Chiang Su)

步行環境 ； 公共運輸搭乘率 ； 大眾運輸導向發展模式 ； 結構方程模式 ； Walking environment ； Public transportation Utilization ； Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) ； Structural equation model

都市與計劃

49卷2期（2022 / 06 / 30）

125 - 148

繁體中文

臺北市長期以來欲推廣大眾運輸使用率，且不斷建設捷運系統之路網，希冀降低民眾使用私人運具之頻率，然而擴大捷運服務範圍之作法對於大眾運輸市占率的提升成效有限。造成使用率無法提升的原因眾多，從大眾運輸導向發展模式可知步行環境亦為其中一項因素，惟過去研究中多僅針對單一項目進行探討，諸如步行距離、可及性等，而未整體性就步行環境，以及從民眾需求與感知予以探討。因此，本文以捷運周邊整體步行環境營造之角度切入，利用結構方程模式驗證整體步行環境五面向（安全性、舒適性、便利性、可及性、通用性）對於民眾搭乘捷運意願之影響，藉以提出符合民眾實際需求的步行環境改善策略，以期提升民眾搭乘捷運之意願，進而提升大眾運輸使用率。

Taipei City Government has been expanding the City's Mass Rapid Transit network to increase public transportation utilization and reduce the frequency of people using private vehicles. However, public transportation utilization has not increased significantly. Utilization is affected by many factors, such as the walking environment from the transit-oriented development (TOD). However, most studies only focus on a single item, such as walking distance and accessibility of MRT, rather than discussing the whole walking environment based on user needs and feelings. Therefore, this study employs structural equation model to analyze the impact of the five aspects of the whole walking environment around the MRT on people's willingness to take the MRT, namely safety, comfort, convenience, accessibility and universality. Finally, we propose a walking environment improvement strategy that meets the actual needs of the people based on the results, and thus help increase public transportation utilization.

1. 李家儂(2017)。探討大眾運輸車站內部步行環境對步行者身心健康之影響—以板橋車站為例。都市與計劃，44(2)，117-148。
   連結：
2. 李家儂,賴宗裕(2005)。台灣地區大眾運輸導向發展之落實—借鏡美國的實施經驗。都市交通，20(3)，1-16。
   連結：
3. 李家儂,賴宗裕(2005)。台灣地區大眾運輸導向發展之落實—借鏡美國的實施經驗。都市交通，20(3)，1-16。
   連結：
4. 李家儂,謝翊楷(2015)。以空間型構法則及步行導向理念檢視 TOD 區內土地使用配置的合理性。運輸計劃季刊，44(1)，1-24。
   連結：
5. 李家儂,羅健文(2006)。大眾運輸導向發展設計概念中步行可及性與大眾捷運系統旅次關係之初探。都市交通，20(4)，1-14。
   連結：
6. 李家儂,羅健文(2006)。大眾運輸導向發展設計概念中步行可及性與大眾捷運系統旅次關係之初探。都市交通，20(4)，1-14。
   連結：
7. 林楨家,吳建彤,方若庭(2011)。建成環境對捷運轉乘運具選擇的影響：臺北捷運南港線之實證研究。運輸計劃季刊，40(4)，335-366。
   連結：
8. 林楨家,施亭伃(2007)。大眾運輸導向發展之建成環境對捷運運量之影響—臺北捷運系統之實證研究。運輸計劃季刊，36(4)，451-476。
   連結：
9. 張新立,沈依潔(2005)。民眾步行行為意向之研究—以臺北市民為例。運輸學刊，17(3)，233-260。
   連結：
10. 賴文泰(2011)。不同大眾運輸供給地區旅運者之大眾運具使用行為分析。運輸計劃學刊，40(3)，287-308。
    連結：
11. Ajzen, I.(1991).The theory of planned behavior.Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes,50(2),179-211.
12. Ajzen, I.(2005).Attitudes, Personality and Behavior.New York:Open University Press.
13. Anderson, J. C.,Gerbing, D. W.(1988).Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.Psychological Bulletin,103(3),411-423.
14. Ariffin, R. N. R.,Zahari, R. K.(2013).Perceptions of the urban walking environments.Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences,105,589-597.
15. Artigues, G.,Mateo, S.,Ramos, M.,Cabeza, E.(2020).Validation of the urban walkability perception questionnaire (UWPQ) in the Balearic Islands.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,17(18),1-17.
16. Barrett, P.(2007).Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit.Personality and Individual Differences,42(5),815-824.
17. Besser, L. M.,Dannenberg, A. L.(2005).Walking to public transit: Steps to help meet physical activity recommendations.American Journal of Preventive Medicine,29(4),273-280.
18. Bollen, K. A.(1989).Structural Equations with Latent Variables.New York:Wiley.
19. Calthorpe, P.(1993).The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community and the American Dream.New York:Princeton Architectural Press.
20. Cervero, R.,Kockelman, K.(1997).Travel demand and the 3Ds: Density, diversity and design.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,2(3),199-219.
21. Cheng, Y. H.,Chen, Y. S.(2015).Perceived accessibility, mobility, and connectivity of public transportation systems.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,77,386-403.
22. Curtis, C.,Renne, J. L.,Bertolini, L.(2009).Transit Oriented Development: Making It Happen.Farnham:Ashgate.
23. Dean, J.,Biglieri, S.,Drescher, M.,Garnett, A.,Glover, T.,Casello, J.(2020).Thinking relationally about built environments and walkability: A study of adult walking behavior in Waterloo, Ontario.Health & Place,64,1-9.
24. Derek Halden Consultancy(2003).Barriers to Mode Shift.Edinburgh:Scottish Executive Social Research.
25. Ewing, R.,Bartholomew, K.(2013).Pedestrian and Transit-Oriented Design.Washington, D.C.:Urban Land Institute.
26. Ewing, R.,Cervero, R.(2010).Travel and the built environment: A meta-analysis.Journal of the American Planning Association,76(3),265-294.
27. Hair, J. F.,Black, W. C.,Babin, B. J.,Anderson, R. E.(2009).Multivariate Data Analysis.Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall.
28. ITDP(2008).Pedestrians First: Tools for Walkable City.New York:ITDP.
29. ITDP(2017).TOD Standard.New York:ITDP.
30. Ittelson, W. H.(1978).Environmental perception and urban experience.Environment and Behavior,10(2),193-213.
31. Jacobson, J.,Forsyth, A.(2008).Seven American TODs: Good practices for urban design in Transit-Oriented Development projects.Journal of Transport and Land Use,1(2),51-88.
32. Karash, K. H.,Coogan, M. A.,Adler, T.,Cluett, C.,Shaheen, S. A.,Aizen, I.,Simon, M.(2008).Understanding How Individuals Make Travel and Location Decisions: Implications for Public Transportation.Washington, D.C.:Transportation research board.
33. Knowles, R. D.(2012).Transit oriented development in Copenhagen, Denmark: From the finger plan to Ørestad.Journal of Transport Geography,22,251-261.
34. Knowles, R. D.,Ferbrache, F.,Nikitas, A.(2020).Transport's historical, contemporary and future role in shaping urban development: Re-evaluating transit oriented development.Cities,99,1-11.
35. L’opez, M. C. R.,Wong, Y. D.(2017).Attitude towards active mobility in Singapore: A qualitative study.Case Studies on Transport Policy,5(4),662-670.
36. Lamour, Q.,Morelli, A. M.,Marins, K. R. de C.(2019).Improving walkability in a TOD context: Spatial strategies that enhance walking in the Belém neighbourhood, in São Paulo, Brazil.Case Studies on Transport Policy,7(2),280-292.
37. Leslie, E.,Saelens, B.,Frank, L.,Owen, N.,Bauman, A.,Coffee, N.,Hugo, G.(2005).Residents’ perceptions of walkability attributes in objectively different neighbourhoods: A pilot study.Health & Place,11(3),227-236.
38. McAndrew, F. T.,危芷芬（譯）(2001).環境心理學.臺北:五南圖書出版.
39. Pan, H.,Li, J.,Shen, Q.,Shi, C.(2017).What determines rail transit passenger volume? Implications for transit oriented development planning.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Enviroment,57,52-63.
40. Pongprasert, P.,Kubota, H.(2019).TOD residents’ attitudes toward walking to transit station: A case study of transit-oriented developments (TODs) in Bangkok, Thailand.Journal of Modern Transportation,27(1),39-51.
41. Ren, Y.,Wang, X.(2020).Research on design of public facilities in commercial walking street from the perspective of humanism.International Core Journal of Engineering,6(8),158-166.
42. Speck, J.(2013).Walkable City: How Downtown Can Save America, One Step at A Time.New York:North Point Press.
43. Sun, G.,Zacharias, J.,Ma, B.,Oreskovic, N. M.(2016).How do metro stations integrate with walking environments? Results from walking access within three types of built environment in Beijing.Cities,56,91-98.
44. Teklemariam, E. A.,Shen, Z.(2020).Determining transit nodes for potential transit-oriented development: Along the LRT corridor in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Frontiers of Architectural Research,9(3),606-622.
45. TriMet(2011).Pedestrian Network Analysis.Portland:TriMet.
46. Untermann, R. K.(1984).Accommodating The Pedestrian: Adapting Towns and Neighborhoods for Walking and Bicycling.New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold.
47. 沈念旦(2009)。臺北，國立政治大學地政學系。
48. 邱皓政(2011).結構方程模式：LISREL ／ SIMPLIS 原理與應用.臺北:雙葉書廊有限公司.
49. 張偉豪,鄭時宜(2013).與結構方程式模型共舞曙光出現.新北:前程文化事業有限公司.
50. 陳芊灼(2007)。臺北，國立政治大學地政學系。
51. 陳昱如(2011)。臺北，國立臺北大學不動產與城鄉環境學系。
52. 游弘裕(2008)。屏東，國立屏東科技大學景觀暨遊憩管理研究所。
53. 黃芳銘(2007).結構方程模式理論與應用.臺北:五南圖書出版.
54. 黃義宏(2005)。臺北，國立政治大學地政學系。
55. 楊鳳琦(2014)。臺北，國立政治大學地政學系。