Job Strain and Health-Related Quality of Life of Hospital Employees: Case of a Medical Center in Tai-Chung

醫院員工工作壓力與健康相關生活品質之探討-以台中某醫學中心為例

10.6288/TJPH2004-23-02-03

林雅雯(Yea-Wen Lin)；張雅雯(Ya-Wen Chang)；蔡佳珍(Chia-Chen Tsai)

工作壓力 ； 健康相關生活品質 ； 醫院員工 ； Job stress ； Health-related quality of life ； Hospital employee

台灣公共衛生雜誌

23卷2期（2004 / 04 / 01）

108 - 120

英文

目標：本研究目的旨在探討某醫學中心員工之工作壓力與健康相關生活品質。方法：採橫斷式調查研究並利用自填式問卷調查法蒐集相關資料，以中文版工作特質量表及台灣版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷分別測量工作壓力與健康相關生活品質。研究母群為台中某醫學中心之員工，採分層抽樣方法選取樣本500人進行問卷拖測。結果：有關工作壓力部分，將近10％的員工屬於高壓力族群。而整體健康相關生活品質量表之得分為51.56，各分量表之得分以生理健康範疇最高，環境範疇最低。將工作壓力與健康相關生活品質進行相關分析，結果顯示各分量表間大多數有顯著相關，且發現高壓力群之心理層面生活品質較低壓力群為差。再分析健康相關生活品質之預測因子，發現工作控制度、社會支持度、工作年資，以及職務之虛擬變項中護理人員與醫師等變項的影響達顯著水準，可以解釋48.2%的變異量。結論：衛生主管機關及醫務管理者應重視醫院員工之壓力問題，並提出有效的壓力管理策略，以預防壓力對醫院員工身心健康的傷害，並增進其身心健康與福祉。

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore job stain and health related quality of life (HRQOL) for hospital employees in a medical center. Methods: A cross-sectional survey by self-administered questionnaires using the Chinese Version of the Job Content Questionnaire (C-JCQ) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) Taiwan version to measure job strain and HRQOL, respectively. Using stratified random sampling procedure, the survey data was collected from 500 employees working in a medical center located in Tai-Chung. Results: Slightly less than 10% of the employees in the sample had high-strain jobs. The overall score of HRQOL was 51.56, among four subscales, these employees scored highest on the physical health subscale and lowest on the environment subscale. The C-JCQ subscales and WHOQOL subscales were found to have a significantly highly correlation, and the high strain group was as likely to report a lack of quality of life on the psychological scale than the low strain group. In examining the predictors of HRQOL, it was found seniority, job control, work-related social support, physician dummy variable, and nurse dummy variable explained 48.2% of the variance in HRQOL. Conclusions: the findings in this study can help management executives and cabinet policy-makers to pinpoint the problem of job strain. They should build effective stress management strategies to avoid the stress hazards affect on the mental and physical health of employees, and to thereby improve employees’ health and well-being.

1. (1988).Karasek RA, Theorell T, Schwartz JE, Schnall PL, Pieper CF, Michela JL.Job characteristics in relation to the prevalence of myocardial infarction in the US Health Examination Study (HES) and the Health and Nutrition Examination Study (HANES),78,910-8.
2. (1992).Albright CL, Winkleby MA, Ragland DR, et al.Job strain and prevalence of hypertension in a biracial population or urban bus drivers,82,984-9.
3. (1998).Karasek RA, Brisson C, Kawakami N, Hout-man I, Bongers P, Amick B.The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): an instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics,3,322-55.
4. Stress: It Is Deadly? Holistie online
5. Press Ganey Associates
6. The National Quality Institute
7. Cahill J, Landsbergis PA, Schnall PL(1995).In: The Work Stress and Health `95 Conference.
8. Callaghan P(1998).Social support and local of control as correlates of UK nurses` health-related behaviors,28,1127-33.
9. Calnan M, Wainwright D, Almond S(2000).Job Strain, Effort-Reward Imbalance and Mental Distress: a study of occupations in general medical practice,14,279-311.
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(2000).Measuraig Healthy Days: Population Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life.Atlanta:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
11. Cheng Y, Luh WM, Guo YL(2003).Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Job Content Questionnaire (C-JCQ) in Talwanese Workers,10,15-30.
12. Hurrell JJ, Nelson DL, Simmons EL(1998).Measuring job stressors and strains: Where we have been, where we are, and where we need to go,3,368-89.
13. Karasek RA(1979).Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign,24,285-308.
14. Karasek RA, Schwartz J, Pieper C(1983).Validation of a Survey Instrument for Job-Related Cardiovascular Illness, the U.S.National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute`s Ten Year Framingham Offspring Study,38-40.
15. Karasek RA, Theorell T(1990).Healthy Work, Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life.New York:Basic Books.
16. Lemer DJ, Levine S. Malspeis S, D`Agostino RB(1994).Job strain and health-related quality of life in a national sample,84,1580-5.
17. Lin MR, Yao KP, Hwang JS, Wang ID(1999).Scale Descriptor Selection for Taiwan-version of Questionnaire of World Health Organization Quality of Life,18,262-70.
18. Lu L(1999).Work Motivation, Job Stress and Employees` Well-being,8,61-72.
19. McHorney CA(1999).Health status assessment methods for adults: past accomplishments and future challenges,20,309-35.
20. O`Connor DB, O`Connor RC, White B, Bundred PE(2000).The effect of job strain on British general practitioners` mental health,9,637-54.
21. Sargent LD, Terry DJ(2000).The moderating role of social support in Karasek`s job strain model,14,245-61.
22. Schnall PL, Peiper C, Schwartz JE, et al(1990).The relationship between “job strain,” workplace diastolic blood pressure, and left ventricular mass index.Results of a case-control study,263,1929-35.
23. Sousa KB, Holzemer WL, Henry SB, Slaughter R(1999).Dimensions of health-related quality of life in person living with HIV disease,29,178-87.
24. Theorell T, Kaeasek RA(1996).Current Issues Relating to Psychosocial Job Strain and Cardiovascular Disease Research,1,9-26.
25. US Department of Health and Human Services(2000).Healthy People 2010-Understanding and Improving Health.Washington DC:US Government Printing Office.
26. World Health Organization(1996).WHOQOLBREF: Introduction, Administration, Scoring and Generic Version of the Assessment--Field Trial Version.WHO:

1. 毛譯萱(2015)。台南市學校護理人員兼任行政工作壓力與工作滿意度研究。長榮大學醫務管理學系(所)學位論文。2015。1-74。 
2. 李俊賢(2016)。探討醫事人員罹患大腸直腸癌盛行率以及併發憂鬱症之情況。義守大學醫務管理學系學位論文。2016。1-79。
3. 張鈞微(2016)。新聞從業人員工作壓力疲勞與生物指標研究。中山醫學大學職業安全衛生學系碩士班學位論文。2016。1-124。
4. 李瓊娥(2017)。護理人員生活品質調查。長榮大學護理學系(所)學位論文。2017。1-30。