職場疲勞量表的編製與信效度分析

Development and Validation of an Occupational Burnout Inventory

10.6288/TJPH2008-27-05-01

葉婉榆(Wan-Yu Yeh)；鄭雅文(Ya-Wen Cheng)；陳美如(Mei-Ju Chen)；邱文祥(Allen Wen-Hsiang Chiu)

疲勞 ； 職場疲勞量表 ； 工作壓力 ； 信度 ； 效度 ； burnout ； burnout inventory ； work stress ； reliability ； validity

台灣公共衛生雜誌

27卷5期（2008 / 10 / 01）

349 - 364

繁體中文

目標：編製中文版職場疲勞量表，並進行信效度檢驗。方法：以2007年台北市職場身心健康狀況調查之參與者為對象，包括男女性受僱工作者各2891、2704名，其中服務業員工佔52%，製造與水電燃氣業員工佔48%。此量表包括「個人疲勞」、「工作疲勞」、「服務對象疲勞」與「工作過度投入」四個分量表。問春也測量工作特質。自評健康狀況。工作壓力感受與工作滿意度。結果：四個分量表的Cronbach's alpha coefficients均在0.84以上。因素分析顯示，「個人疲勞」與「工作疲勞」題目歸屬於同一因素，而「服務對象疲勞」與「工作過度投入」的題目則分別屬於第二、第三個因素。此量表得分與其他工作。健康指標的相關性，大致而言符合預期：以「工作疲勞」為例，疲勞指數與工作負荷（在男女性相關係數均0.49）。工作壓力感受（男050，女053）。心理困擾程度（男068，女065）呈正相關；與自評健康（男-0.36，女-0.38）。工作滿意度（男-0.40，女-0.45）呈負相關。結論：此量表信效度良好，可做為評估職場健康之工具，亦有助於工作者健康意識的提升。

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the reliability and validity of an occupational burnout inventory. Methods: Study subjects were participants of a workplace health survey conducted by the City Government of Taipei, including 2891 male and 2704 female paid employees. Among them, 52% were employed in service sectors, 48% in industrial sectors. A self administered questionnaire was used that included four subscales-personal burnout, work-related burnout, client-related burnout, and over-commitment to work. Also included were measures for work conditions, self-rated health status, perceived work stress and job satisfaction. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the four subscales were all above 0.84. Exploratory factor analysis showed that all items of the ”personal burnout” and ”work-related burnout” subscales loaded on the first factor, while items of the ”client-related burnout” and ”over-commitment to work” subscale closely corresponded to the second and the third factor, respectively. The four dimensions of our occupational burnout inventory correlated with burnout-related factors in expected directions; for example, the ”work burnout” scores for men and women were both positively associated with job demands (correlation coefficient=0.49 for men and women), perception of job stress (0.50 for men, 0.53 for women) and levels of psychological distress (0.68 for men, 0.65 for women), and were negatively associated with self-rated health status (-0.36 for men, -0.38 for women) and job satisfaction (-0.40 for men, -0.45 for women). These associations were consistent with prior hypotheses. Conclusions: The occupational burnout inventory in this study was found to be a reliable and valid tool for assessment of burnout problems. It can be applied as a screening tool in the workplace, and can help to identify high-risk groups for burnout as well as to improve employees' health consciousness.

1. 林繼正、陳淑芬(2008)。建構空服員工作壓力、職業倦怠對身心健康狀況影響模式。運動休閒管理學報，5，1-17。
   連結：
2. 張晏蓉、葉婉榆、陳春萬、陳秋蓉、石東生、鄭雅文(2007)。台灣受僱者疲勞的分布狀況與相關因素。台灣衛誌，26，75-87。
   連結：
3. 陸洛、李惠美、謝天渝(2005)。牙醫師職業壓力與身心健康及職業倦怠之關係：以高雄市牙醫師為例。應用心理研究，27，59-80。
   連結：
4. 曾慧萍、鄭雅文(2002)。「負荷－控制－支持」與「付出－回饋失衡」工作壓力模型中文版量表之信效度檢驗：以電子產業員工為研究對象。台灣衛誌，21，420-432。
   連結：
5. Borritz M,Bultmann U,Rugulies R,Christensen KB,Villadsen E,Kristensen TS(2005).Psychosocial work characteristics as predictors for burnout: findings from 3-year follow up of the PUMA study.J Occup Environ Med,47,1015-1025.
6. Bourbonnais R,Brisson C,Vinet A,Vezina M,Abdous B,Gaudet M(2006).Effectiveness of a participative intervention on psychosocial work factors to prevent mental health problems in a hospital setting.Occup Environ Med,63,335-342.
7. Bultmann U,Kant I,Kasl S,Beurskens A,van den Brandt P(2002).Fatigue and psychological distress in the working population: psychometrics, prevalence, and correlates.J Psychosom Res,52,445-452.
8. Chen HC,Wu CS,Lee YJ,Liao SC,Lee MB(2005).Validity of the five-item brief symptom rating scale among subjects admitted for general health screening.J Formos Med Assoc,104,824-829.
9. Cheng Y,Chen CW,Chen CJ,Chiang TL(2005).Job insecurity and its association with health among employees in the Taiwanese general population.Soc Sci Med,61,41-52.
10. Cheng Y,Luh WM,Guo YL(2003).Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Job Content Questionnaire (C-JCQ) in Taiwanese workers.Int J Behav Med,10,15-31.
11. Dembe AE,Erickson JB,Delbos RG,Banks SM(2005).The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and illnesses: new evidence from the United States.Occup Environ Med,62,588-597.
12. Derogatis LR,Lipman RS,Covey L(1973).The SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric scale.psychopharmacol Bull,9,13-28.
13. Domenighetti G,D`Avanzo B,Bisig B(2000).Health effects of job insecurity among employees in the Swiss general population.Int J Health Serv,30,477-490.
14. Garden AM(1987).Depersonalization: a valid measure of burnout.Hum Relat,40,545-560.
15. Hasselhorn HM,Tackenberg P,Peter R,the NEXTStudy Group(2004).Effort-reward imbalance among nurses in stable countries and in countries in transition.Int J Occup Environ Health,10,401-408.
16. Karasek R,Brisson C,Kawakami N,Houtman I,Bongers P,Amick B(1998).The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): an instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics.J Occup Health Psychol,3,322-355.
17. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: normative data from a representative Danish population on Personal Burnout and results from the PUMA study on Personal Burnout, Work Burnout, and Client Burnout
18. Kristensen TS,Borritz M,Villadsen E,Christensen KB(2005).The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: a new tool for the assessment of burnout.Work Stress,19,192-177.
19. Li J,Yang W,Cheng Y,Siegrist J,Cho SI(2005).Effort-reward imbalance at work and job dissatisfaction in Chinese healthcare workers: a validation study.Int Arch Occup Environ Health,78,198-204.
20. Maslach C,Jackson S(1986).MBI: Maslach Burnout Inventory: Manual Research Edition.Palo Alto, CA:University of California, Consulting Psychologists Press.
21. Maslach C,Schaufeli WB,Leiter MP(2001).Job burnout.Annu Rev Psychol,52,397-422.
22. McDonough P(2000).Job insecurity and health.Int J Health Serv,30,453-476.
23. Pines AM,Schaufeli W,Maslach C (eds.)(1993).Burnout: an existential perspective.Professional Burnout: Recent Developments in Theory and Research
24. Radkiewicz P,Widerszal-Bazyl M(2005).Psychometric properties of Work Ability Index in the light of comparative survey study.Int Congr Ser,1280,304-309.
25. Schaufeli WB,van Dierendonck D(1993).The construct validity of two burnout measures.J Organ Behav,14,631-647.
26. Shirom A,Melamed S,Toker S,Berliner S,Shapira I(2005).Burnout and health: current knowledge and future research directions.Int Rev Ind Organ Psychol,20,269-309.
27. Siegrist J,Peter R,Cremer P,Seidel D(1997).Chronic work stress is associated with atherogenic lipids and elevated fibrinogen in middle-aged men.J Intern Med,242,149-156.
28. Siegrist J,Peter R,Junge A,Cremer P,Seidel D(1990).Low status control, high effort at work and ischemic heart disease: prospective evidence from blue-collar men.Soc Sci Med,31,1127-1134.
29. Siegrist J,Starke D,Chandola T(2004).The measurement of effort-reward imbalance at work: European comparisons.58,1483-1499.
30. van der Schoot E,Ogińska H,Estryn-Behar M,Hasselhorn HM,Tackenberg P,Müller BH (eds.)(2003).Working Conditions and Intent to Leave the Profession among Nursing Staff in Europe.Stockholm:National Institute for Working Life.
31. van Vegchel N,de Jonge J,Bosma H,Schaufeli W(2005).Reviewing the effort-reward imbalance model: drawing up the balance of 45 empirical studies.Soc Sci Med,60,1117-1131.
32. Winwood PC,Winefield AH(2004).Comparing two measures of burnout among dentists in Australia.Int J Stress Manag,11,282-289.
33. Yeh WY,Cheng Y,Chen CJ,Hu P,Kristensen TS(2007).Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Copenhagan Burnout Inventory among Taiwanese employees from two enterprises.Int J Behav Med,14,1-8.
34. 石東生、陳秋蓉、張振平(2004)。93年度受僱者工作環境安全衛生調查。台北:行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所。
35. 行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所(1994)。工作環境安全衛生狀況調查報告－受僱者認知調查。台北:行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所。
36. 馮兆康、李中一(1998)。護理人員自覺疲勞盛行率及其相關因子。中華職業醫學雜誌，5，129-138。
37. 鄭雅文、葉婉榆、林宜平(2007)。台灣職場疲勞問題的社會性。台灣衛誌，26，251-253。
38. 顏如佑、柯志鴻、楊明仁(2005)。台灣人憂鬱量表與簡式症狀量表使用於大規模社區憂鬱症個案篩選之比較。北市醫學雜誌，2，737-744。

1. 李婉翠(2016)。不當督導前因後果之探討：以核心自我評價與知覺公平為干擾角色。淡江大學企業管理學系碩士班學位論文。2016。1-127。 
2. 翁芝爾(2017)。探討職場暴力對護理人員身心健康的影響-以某區域教學醫院為例。國立臺灣大學健康政策與管理研究所學位論文。2017。1-63。 
3. 楊束玲(Shu-Ling YANG);王秀紅(Hsiu-Hung WANG);黃心樹(Hsin-Shu HUANG)(2021)。長期夜間工作護理人員職場疲勞、代謝症候群及心血管疾病風險之研究。護理雜誌。68(6)。43-52。 
4. 張淑芸(2016)。自費醫療機構工作人員之角色認同、情緒勞務及工作表現關聯性研究。義守大學醫務管理學系學位論文。2016。1-152。
5. 嚴玉庭(2016)。某食品製造業工作壓力及相關因素探討。長榮大學護理學系(所)學位論文。2016。1-44。
6. 李宜芳(2016)。女性護理人員職場疲勞探討。長榮大學護理學系(所)學位論文。2016。1-78。
7. 蘇昭菁(2016)。大學教師的工作壓力與因應策略初探-以南部某大學為例。義守大學管理碩博士班學位論文。2016。1-60。