三～六歲幼兒對重量概念的認知：本質認知與保留推理

Young Children's Understanding of Weight (3-to 6-year-olds)-Weight as Essential Cognition of Matter and Reasoning of Conservation

10.6173/CJSE.2004.1202.02

莊麗娟(Li-Chuan Chuang)

保留推理 ； 重量 ； 物質 ； 概念發展 ； Conservative Reasoning ； Conceptual Development ； Matter ； Weight

科學教育學刊

12卷2期（2004 / 06 / 01）

159 - 182

繁體中文

本研究屬「幼兒重量概念發展」系列研究之一，其目的主要在探測此概念內涵中較進階的部分，分別檢視幼兒對重量的「本質認知」與「保留推理」。從24名3~6歲幼兒中，研究者發現：1.在「本質認知」方面，3、4歲幼兒對「物質的認知」、「非物質的辨識」及「物質的重量特性」等概念，已初步萌發；至於能超越外觀視覺，以重量特性來辨識物質者，至6歲時大致成熟；2.在「保留推理」方面，約於4歲時逐漸萌發，多數幼兒對重量的推測，仍受「離地高度」、「擴展或壓縮」、「變形或分割」、「溶解」、「冷熱效應」等因素的干擾，並呈現由知覺支配、有限焦點、線性因果推理、脈絡依賴等思考侷限；然而部分早慧幼兒，仍具同一、補償及可逆性思考，其能關注動態轉換的歷程，隱微覺知潛在物質的存在，並能自發的採用輔助線索，進行成熟的推理。

As the second part of the research about the development of young childrens' concept of weight, the purpose of this study is to explore advanced weight concepts such as weight as essential to the understanding of matter and the reasoning about conservation. The following results were found among the 24 participants (3-to 6-year-olds): Firstly, 3-to 4-year-olds showed their emergent ideas about objective weight understanding, such as the concept of matter, the distinction between substance and non-substance, and weight as characteristic of matter, etc. It's also worth noting that, about the age of 6, children were not tied to visual features while making weight predictions. Secondly, from about 4, young children had emergent ideas of conservation reasoning. Features such as the height above the horizon, compression or expansion, deform or division, dissolution and temperature effect dominated most children's prediction of weight. Some other features of children's conceptions were to find, such as perceptually dominated thinking, limited focus, linear causal reasoning, and context dependency. However, the early gifted children showed prominence in strategic thinking skills such as identical, compensational and reversible reasoning. They were even aware of the process of transformation. It appeared that they postulated something exists unseen but steady despite changes in appearance. In addition, they were capable of retrieving messages with relevant clues and then making their reasoning.

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