兩種道德：臺灣社會中道德思維研究的再詮釋

10.6254/1998.9.121

黃光國

分殊理性 ； 公德 ； 道德思維 ； 道德發展 ； 儒家倫理 ； 積極義務/消極義務

本土心理學研究

9期（1998 / 06 / 01）

121 - 175

繁體中文

本論文的主要目的是要重新解釋以往學者以Kohlberg之研究典範在台灣對道德思維所作的實徵研究發現。全文分三大部分，第一部分先借用Gibbs(1979)的「雙面相模式」(two phases model)說明：要瞭解某一社會中成人的道德思維及道德判斷，此須先在文化的層次之上，研究該社會的文化傳統。本文第二部分先提出作者對於儒家倫理的分析（黃光國，1995），再融會西方倫理學對「積極義務／消極義務」和「不完全義務／完全義務」的區分，提出一套概念架構，說明以「人際情感」作為基礎之儒家倫理的性質。接著又借用Shweder等人(1990)「分殊理性」(divergent rationalities)的概念，以及他們對於理性道德律之「強制層面／可替代層面」的分析，進一步析論儒家倫理的內在困境，以及五四時期大陸上「新文化運動」和一九六○年代台灣「公德心運動」對儒家倫理的衝擊及其意涵。本文的第三部分，則以前述的分析為基礎，重新解釋以往學者用Kohlberg的研究典範在台灣所作的實徵研究，同時仔細分析程小危(1991)用Kohlberg的道德兩難困境在台灣所蒐集到的訪問資料。

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