國小教師的長度教學之探討

Study of Elementary School Teachers' in Length Measurement Instruction

10.6384/CIQ.200107.0163

黃幸美(Hsin-Mei Huang)

長度教學 ； 佈題 ； 師生互動 ； 長度問題解決 ； length measurement instruction ； problem posing ； teacher-student interaction ； length measurement problem solving

課程與教學

4卷3期（2001 / 07 / 01）

163 - 184+199

繁體中文

本研究分析四位國小中年級教師的長度教學活動，與其學生解決長度問題的表現，期以獲知教師的長度教學以及兒童學習長度之梗概。研究結果發現，教師多贊同兒童討論與探索解題學習數學。在長度教學上，教師重現使用多項測量工具與小組實測活動，但是課室教學則偏好全班討論方式。教科書是教師教學的重要內容，但教師也自行設計問題與參考兒童想法佈題。教師聽取、回饋學生想法、讓學生操作教具，皆為教學重要的活動；但是提供先估後測與實測之後的概念歸納，是教師教學教缺乏之活動。在問答討論上，學生較少有批判性問答的表現。在解決長度問題方面，長度單位量的化聚與推理問題，兒童表現較不理想。藉由估測、實測與概念歸納，幫助兒童建立長度量感，是導向建構長度知識的重要途徑。

The purpose of this paper is to investigate elementary schools teachers' practical instruction in length measurement. Four middle grade teachers' classroom teaching in length measurement were observed and their students' performances in solving length measurement problems were then evaluated. The results indicated that the four teachers agree that children actively construct mathematical knowledge by discussion and trying out their ideas for problem solving. Teachers had students work in small groups and involved in measurement activities, as well as encouraging students to use various tools for length measurement. However, teachers preferred whole class discussion in classroom teaching. Textbooks are a major part of teachers' problems posing. In addition, teachers' problems posing also derived from children's ideas and discussion as well as posed by themselves. Teachers tended to listen and feedback to children's ideas as well as providing opportunities for students to calculate manipulations. Though the actual measuring was enforced by teachers, the process of estimating before the actual measuring and concept induction after the actual measuring needed to be enforced. Besides, students seldom asked and answered critical questions. The conversion between high-order units and low-order units in the metric system and reasoning are difficult for children's problem solving. Length estimation, actual measuring and concept induction aid children in extending their comprehension of length concepts.

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