學齡前兒童之華語聲母構音在不同韻母音境的不一致性

The Inconsistency of Mandarin Consonant Production in the Different Rime Contexts for the Preschool Children

10.6143/JSLHAT.2009.12.04

鄭靜宜(Jing-Yi Jeng)

聲母 ； 韻母 ； 共同構音 ； 音境 ； 音節結構 ； Initial consonant ； Rime ； Coarticulation ； Phonetic context ； Syllable structure

台灣聽力語言學會雜誌

24期（2009 / 12 / 01）

59 - 78

繁體中文

兒童在學習語音的過程中常會出現一些構音錯誤，而這些構音錯誤在一些情況下常有不太一致的情形。本研究的主要目的在探討華語聲母的韻母音境對於學前兒童聲母構音錯誤率的影響，了解韻母音境的不同是否會造成學前兒童構音錯誤的不一致？華語聲母所處之韻母音境之影響性主要是源於音節中聲母與其後接韻母之間的共同構音或是音節結構組成因素。本研究分析華語學前兒童詞語產生時音節中聲母構音之錯誤率是否會受到不同韻母音境的影響。本研究自二歲半至六歲跨年齡層的取樣，由六個年齡層橫斷樣本的構音評估樣本資料，分析每個年齡層兒童聲母的構音錯誤和韻母音境複雜度的影響。 本研究所使用的測試詞語材料中將華語聲母所在的韻母音境大致地分為簡易和複雜兩類，在複雜性音境中音節的聲母和韻母的構音動作因兩者構音位置相距較遠或是音節結構較為複雜；反之，在簡易性音境中音節的聲母和韻母兩者構音位置相距較近或是音節結構較為複雜。共計有306位學前兒童接受構音測試並錄音取樣，年齡範圍由二歲半至六足歲，共分為六個年齡層組。分析結果顯示韻母音境對聲母的構音錯誤率有顯著性的影響，同樣的聲母在兩類韻母音境中兒童產生構音錯誤率有顯著差異。兒童在簡易性的音境中的聲母錯誤率顯著小於在複雜性音境的錯誤率，亦即聲母的構音正確性會隨聲母後接韻母音境的不同而有差異。年齡和音境複雜度的交互作用效果亦達顯著，音境複雜度對較大年齡組兒童的聲母構音錯誤率有較顯著的影響，對低年齡組（二歲半）兒童的影響較不明顯。而韻母音境中共構因素比音節結構因素的影響為較強。

The phonetic context of an initial consonant is the rime following the consonant within a syllable. There exist interactions between consonants and vowels for the articulation of young children has been found in many studies for children early speech. The articulatory distance between a consonant and its following rimes may influence the success of the consonant articulation for preschool children. The complexity of rime may contribute to the inconsistency of consonant articulation for the preschool children. The purpose of this study is to investigate the phonetic contextual effect on the consonant articulatory errors of Mandarin spoken preschool children. There were 306 preschool children tested with an articulatory test, in which there were two sets of words embedded with the same 21 initial consonants of Mandarin Chinese; one was in the 'simple phonetic context', and the other was in the 'complex phonetic context'. In the simple phonetic context, either the distance of places of articulation between the consonants and the following rimes is closer, or the composition of rime (the whole syllable structure) is simpler, and vice versa. There were six age groups of children with different ages, and their age ranged from 2.5 to 6 years old. After their speech errors were analyzed, the results show significant effects for the phonetic context factor, the age factor, and the interaction between the age and the phonetic context factor. Except the age group of 2.5-year-old, all the age groups had significantly more articulatory errors for the consonants in the complex rime contexts than in the simple rime contexts. These results suggest that the importance of using simple rime context to facilitate the articulation of initial consonant for the preschool children.

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